Improving Gasoline Yield

Feed injection. An improved feed injection system provides optimum atomization and distribution of the feed for rapid mixing and complete vaporization. The benefits of improved feed injection aie reduced coke deposition, reduced dry gas yield, and improved gasoline yield. 

Thus, in refining, they employ reformers operating at hi severity but wth greater operating stability and improved gasoline yields, and in petrochemicals, the optimization of the production of BTX aromatics by the use of high-temperature reactors. 

Polymerization Combines two light olefins into high octane gasoline component Improves gasoline yield and octane number. The products have lower octane value than products from etherification or alkylation units... 

Application of zeolites has significantly improved gasoline yield. The protons form carbenium or carbonium ions with reactant hydrocarbon molecules that... 

There is even more potential to improve gasoline yield as well as LPG olefins such as isobutene by using a catalyst that incorporates the properties of a ZSM-5 additive. This type of catalyst may also provide better conversion of light-cycle oil and residues because it has larger pores than ZSM-5. ... 

Methanol to Ethylene. Methanol to ethylene economics track the economics of methane to ethylene. Methanol to gasoline has been flilly developed and, during this development, specific catalysts to produce ethylene were discovered. The economics of this process have been discussed, and a catalyst (Ni/SAPO 34) with almost 95% selectivity to ethylene has been claimed (99). Methanol is converted to dimethyl ether, which decomposes to ethylene and water the method of preparation of the catalyst rather than the active ingredient of the catalyst has made the significant improvement in yield (100). By optimizing the catalyst and process conditions, it is claimed that yields of ethylene, propylene, or both are maximized. This is still in the bench-scale stage. 

Any mechanical revamp to improve the unit yields should always begin with installing an efficient feed and catalyst distribution system. This is the single most-important component of the FCC unit. An efficient feed and catalyst injection system maximizes gasoline yield and conversion at the expense of lower gas, coke, and decant oil and allows downstream technology to perform at its full potential. 

The main mechanical conditions that affect octane are the type and condition of the feed nozzles. Low-efficiency feed nozzles actually increase the gasoline octane due to promotion of thermal reactions in the mix zone. High-efficiency feed nozzles improve feed/catalyst mixing and increase the gasoline yield, but decrease gasoline octane. 

Although cracking also occurs on chlorine-treated clays and amorphous silica-aluminas, the application of zeolites has resulted in a significant improvement in gasoline yield. The finite size of the zeolite micropores prohibits the formation of large condensed aromatic molecules. This beneficial shape-selectivity improves the carbon efficiency of the process and also the lifetime of the catalyst. 

The most successful New Demet preparation, A, showed a MAT conversion of 77.1% compared to 65.2% for the untreated equilibrium catalyst. This increase in conversion was accompanied by an increase in gasoline yield from 6.8 to 52.3% and a decrease in coke yield from. 5 to. 3%. These results were achieved by subjecting the catalyst to a series of treatments after the basic gas phase reactions, involving oxidative and reductive washes, and ion exchange with NHz + and RE (see Fig. 1). Each of these treatments resulted in a successive improvement of catalyst performance. 

During the 1950s and 1960s there was an enormous increase in the use of chemicals in agriculture, industrial manufacturing, and around the home. We powdered our bodies with DDT to remove lice and spread DDT far and wide to control mosquitoes. We used other pesticides to kill insects and controlled weeds to improve crop yields. Lead was added to gasoline to make cars run better and added... 

The benefits of an improved feed injection system and riser can be lower delta coke, lower regenerator temperature, higher conversion, higher gasoline yield, and increased liquid yield. More feed can be processed and an air blower or wet gas compressor limitation can be relieved. 

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