Impregnation, increasing folding

Some previous work is shown in Table I R. D. Smith (2) impregnated the paper in a book with acrylic resin and ethyl hydroxyl-ethyl cellulose solutions to increase fold. Salz and Skrivanek (2) patented solutions of polyvinyl butyral and formal for the purpose these materials have been supplied under the name of Regnal. Baer, Indictor, and Joel (3) compared the folding endurance of papers impregnated with Regnal,... 

If necessary, this procedure can be repeated either to increase the amount of catalyst or to apply different substances which cannot be mixed in the same solution. After the impregnation of the alumina layer with metal salts, the samples were dried and calcined again. A 48-fold titer-plate manually coated with y-alumina after calcination and after impregnation is shown in Figure 3.2. 

Figure 4. The increase of folding endurance with higher impregnations...

Such treatments can raise the activity of Cr/alumina by as much as 10-fold. Presumably, this increase is a result of the increased acidity, and the replacement of hydroxyl ligands by non-coordinating F may possibly also contribute. In Figure 151, the activity of Cr/alumina catalyst is shown as a function of the amount of fluoride impregnated, in which the catalysts were subjected to several different activation temperatures. Fluoride, and other additives as well, is often more effective if it is added after the hydrated starting material AlOOH (boehmite) or Al(OH)3 (bayerite) is first converted into crystalline y- or 11-AI2O3. Thus, the upper graph in... 

Other electron-withdrawing anions that enhance acidity can also improve the activity of Cr/alumina, provided that the anion is thermally stable. Sulfate is one such example [624], It can sometimes increase the polymer yield by almost 10-fold. Sulfate can be incorporated onto Cr/alumina much as fluoride can (i.e., by impregnation or dry-blending of various... 

The fixed wet gel is impregnated with 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO). The P-particles excite these molecules to emit photons in the blue region, so blue-sensitive x-ray film is used. Development at low temperatures (-70 to -80 C) increases detection by lO-to-12 fold for H and by 9-fold for C and S. 

ITLC plates are made of fiberglass sheets, impregnated with an adsorbent, usually silica gel (e.g., SG). Due to the fine mesh material, the migration properties are increased many-fold by the TLC materials. The time for the development of any chromatogram may be reduced to < 5 min, without affecting the separation of radiochemical impurities. 

A thirty fold increase in the capacity of carbons for HjS removal was found after their impregnation with copper [121], It was explained by ability of copper to activate oxygen, increase in the rate of radicals formation and thus oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. 

External crack resistance under alternating loads. Impregnation of specimens to a depth of only 2 mm results in 3-fold to 8-fold increase of external crack resistance. The best results were obtained for specimens impregnated with isocyanate-containing compositions. 

The traditional liferaft is made of rubber and impregnated fabric, which are very good dielectrics. This is the reason they are almost invisible on the screen of the navigational radar. There are several types of passive radars reflectors used to increase the reflective characteristics of a liferaft. The folded reflectors can be unfolded automatically or manually (Polish liferafts) and installed on the canopy, after the liferaft is launched. 

Hair is characterised by the appearance of a new type of X-ray pattern when it is stretched, showing that the keratin chains occur normally in a folded state. Hair protein resembles muscle protein that has been vulcanised, or impregnated with sulphur, to decrease plasticity and increase resistance to wear (Astbury, 1936). 

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