Imperfections in surfaces

Polishes are used to decorate, produce a gloss, or provide surface protection. They can be abrasive, deposit a film, or remove tarnish. Depending on the application (e.g., furniture, metal, shoes), polishes may contain resins, oils, waxes, and solvents as well as abrasives, surfactants, water, pigments, fillers, and tarnish-removing chemicals. Similar in composition to polishes, liquid fillers disperse pigment and inert materials (silicates, clays, calcium carbonate, carbon black) to fill pores and imperfections in surfaces prior to further coating. 

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