Immune response to tumors

The resistance of many human cancers to immunotherapies has been attributed to the presence of immunosuppressive molecules located in tumor areas. Adenosine is present at elevated levels in hypoxic tissues due to an increased intracellular production and extracellular accumulation, as described above. This nucleoside activates cell surface receptors on T and NK cells that mediate cellular immune responses to tumor cells. It is well established that T cells recognize and destroy... 

Multicell spheroids have been used to study the transport of molecules and cells. They have been used for in vivo studies by injecting spheroids into the peritoneal cavities of experimental animals. This approach has been used to study tumor cell response to drugs and also to study immune response to tumors. As a result of lack of vasculature, caution must be exercised in using spheroid information to plan treatment in animals and patients (Sutherland, 1988). 

Figure 2 Interrelationship of interferon-inducible ELR" CXC chemokines with Thl cytokine/cell-mediated immunity. The biology of interferon-inducible ELR" CXC chemokines in the inhibition of angiogenesis is linked to cell-mediated immunity. This highlights the importance of an appropriate immune response to tumor-associated antigens, and the subsequent generation of angiostatic factors that can further modify local tumor-associated angiogenesis.

Genetic immuno-potentiation Replication-restricted vaccinia virus Human IL-2 Augmentation of immune response to tumor Queen Elizabeth II Medical Center, Perth, Australia... 

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