Imaging using curved mirrors

Instead of using transmissive optical components (lenses) images can also be formed by using reflective 

As a concluding remark, we would like to note that curved mirrors used in imaging systems suffer from many of the same defects as lenses, including spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, etc. 

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We have chosen to develop the quasioptical theory needed for understanding the spectrometer by considering first the properties of lenses and reflectors. In the analysis of resonators, a very fruitful approach is to unfold the multiple reflections of the resonator into a series of lenses in circular apertures spaced by the mirror separation for a confocal resonator (Kogelnik and Li, 1966). The semiconfocal resonator is a special case of the confocal resonator. We use a flat mirror, which images the curved mirror at minus the mirror separation. In such a resonator, it is impossible... 

When using rotating-mirror (or rotating prism) streak cameras, the distance-time curve is obtained by rotating a mirror that reflects an image on a stationary film track as shown in Figure 4.5. The way the distance-time curve is obtained is basically the same as in the previous case. However, it is technically realised in a different way. 

In both types of membrane systems, the current-potential curves corresponding to the first and second scans must be mirror images, which indicates that the ion transfer processes taking place at both the outer and inner interfaces are reversible. Thus, CSWV can be used as an excellent tool for analyzing the reversibility of charge transfer processes. 

Fig. 6.3-5 shows the spectra taken with a CdSe calibration plate on a Bruker IF.S-66 FT-IR spectrometer. Theoretically four curves should result. For calibration purposes, however, it is only necessary to record two curves, as the two other curves are mirror images of the latter. The curves shown in the figure were taken with only a single orientation of the CdSe calibration plate, but one with parallel and another with crossed polarizers. They are the results of 32 coadded interferograms transformed without apodization. As result we chose a power spectrum, since this is less noisy. A further advantage is that we do not need to use the (in the case of calibration spectra) complicated phase correction. The curves cross at certain points. Interpolating between those crossings, we get a curve with which we can multiply our spectra for the correction of Bessel function dependance. We also clearly can identify the node of the Bessel function at about 2450 cm . The modulator was tuned to quarter wave retardation at 1111 cm. ... 

Titration curves for different concentrations of NH3 titrated with varying concentrations of HCl would be the mirror images of the curves in Figure 8.6. Methyl red could not be used as an indicator in dilute solutions. The titration curves for weak bases of different Ki, values (100 mL, 0.1 M) versus 0.1 M HCl are shown in Figure 8.9. In macrotitrations, one can accurately titrate a base with a of 10 using a visual indicator. 

In vacancy gel chromatography, the solution of the analyzed sample is used as mixed mobile phase and the pure solvent is injected into column instead of the sample. The chromatogram obtained in this way should theoretically be the mirror image of the normal elution curve. 

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