Imaging subcutaneous

GH, growth hormone Gl, gastrointestinal IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor I IM, intramuscularly LAR, long-acting release MRI, magnetic resonance imaging SQ, subcutaneously. 

Medicine Ultrasonic imaging (2 -10 MHz) is used, particularly in obstetrics, for observing the foetus and for guiding subcutaneous surgical implements. In physiotherapy lower frequencies (20-50 kHz) are used in the treatment of muscle strains, dissolution of blood clots and cancer treatment. 

Figure 4 Transverse scan of axillary and subscapular lymph nodes in a rabbit 5 min postinjection of Gd-containing liposomes. Liposomes (egg lecithin cholesterol Gd-poly-NGPE = 70 25 5, 20 mg total lipid) were injected subcutaneously into the forepaw of anesthesized rabbit in 0.5 mL of HEPES-buffered saUne. Images were acquired by using a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa MRl scanner operated at fat suppression mode and Tj-weighted pulse sequence [16].

Compared to lipids in the subcutaneous fat layer and in the bone marrow (TiR O.S s), musculature shows a clearly slower longitudinal relaxation (Ti 1.0 s). For this reason, musculature has lost more signal intensity than fat in Ty weighted images, when compared with proton density weighting (Fig. 5a... 

Figure 32 shows a transverse Ti-weighted image of the AGL patient (Fig. 32a) and the corresponding fat selective image (Fig. 32b), demonstrating the missing subcutaneous fat as well as fatty septa between the muscle fibre bundles. 

Fig. 32. The 30-year-old male patient with acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGE) shows lacking lipids in the subcutaneous layer and in the musculature in a Ti-weighted spin-echo image (a) and in a fat selective image (b). Only marrow fat in the tibia and fibula of the patient seems to be not affected by the disease. Comparison between a spectrum from a insulin resistant subject without AGE (c) and the spectrum from the AGE patient (d) reveals that the AGE patient has nearly lacking EMCE and markedly reduced IMCE content.

Fig. 21. In vivo Ti weighted spin echo MR image (7.05 T) of EPCs labeled with [GdHPD03A(H20)] (on the left). The cells are dispersed into a subcutaneous matrigel plug seven days after the implantation. On the right is shown the control image of the same in the absence of the paramagnetic label.

The surgical preparation of the dorsal skinfold window chamber can be varied to allow the sensor and window to be placed next to either subcutaneous fat, the skin retractor muscle, or subcutaneous fascia.26 A plastic restraining device comfortably holds the conscious or lightly sedated animal subject in a position on the microscope stage that allows imaging of the window and simultaneous connection of the sensor to the... 

B) in the rat subcutaneous model at 28 days. Dramatically different biological response to a bare-metal stent (C) and polyurethane-coated stent (D low magnification image) and (E high magnification image) in the porcine coronary artery model at 28 days. 

Figure 13.43 In vivo upconversion luminescence imaging of subcutaneous HeLa tumor-bearing athymic nude mice (right hind leg) after intravenous injection of (A) UCNPS-NH2 or (B) UCNPs-FA. All images were acquired under the same instrumental conditions (power density approximately 120 mW cm on the surface of the mouse) [129]. (Reproduced from fiiomafen a/i, 30, L.Q. Xiong ef a/., Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo targeted imaging of amine-functionalized rare-earth up-converting nanophosphors, 5592-5600, 2009, with permission from Elsevier.)...

Partsch, C.-J. von Bilren, E. Kiihn, B. Sippell, W.G. Brinkmann, G. Visualization of injection depot after subcutaneous administration by syringe and needle-free device (Medi-Jector) first results with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur. J. Pediatr. 1997, 156, 893-898. 

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