Illusion auditory

Mescaline is one of eight hallucinogenic alkaloids derived from the peyote cactus, slices of which ( peyote buttons ) have been used in religious rites by North and South American Indian tribes. Mescaline itself is only one of the alkaloids present in peyote, but it produces the same effects as the crude preparation. Chemically, it is related to amfetamine. In doses of some 300-500 mg it depresses nervous system activity and produces visual and occasionally auditory hallucinations, illusions, depersonalization, and depressive symptoms (1). The total picture can closely resemble that caused by lysergic acid diethylamide. Its physical effects include nausea, tremor, and sweating. 

Pennes and Hoch (278) administered tablets of WIN 2299 to seven patients. Two patients given doses of 2 mg exhibited principally sedative effects. In addition, one of these people described.visual illusions and "hypersensitivity to light and sound." Four patients given 6 mg experienced Illusions, delusions, and feelings of unreality. The single patient given 10 mg had full-blown delirium, with complete disorientation and visual and auditory hallucinations. No Information was supplied on the time courses of these effects. 

Some minor neuropsychiatric adverse effects, such as hght-headedness, visual and auditory hallucinations, illusions, sleep disturbances, vivid dreams, and changes in mood and affect, have been causally related to longterm treatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (118,119). Other occasional nervous system effects of beta-blockers include hearing impairment (120), episodic diplopia (121), and myotonia (122). 

There are textbooks full of examples of visual, cognitive, and even auditory illusions. How do they work One of my favorites, since I started playing around with a... 

Variety and kinds of besetting illusions. Optical illusions are rife and familiar to all auditory illusions are well known. But it is hard to think of olfactory analogues (however, see Bhushan, 1995). 

A depressed woman taking daily doses of conjugated oestrogens 1.25 mg and amitriptyline 75 mg, was also given furazolidone 300 mg daily and diphenoxylate with atropine sulfate. Two days later she began to experi-enee blurred vision, profuse perspiration followed by alternate chills and hot flushes, restlessness, motor activity, persecutory delusions, auditory hallueinations and visual illusions. The symptoms cleared within a day of stopping the furazolidone. The reasons are not understood but the authors point out that furazolidone has MAO-inhibitory properties and that the symptoms were similar to those seen when the tricyclic antidepressants and MAOIs interaet. However the MAO-inhibitory activity of furazolidone normally develops over several days. Whether the concurrent use of atropine and amitriptyline (both of which have antimuscarinic activity)... 

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