Hyperthyroidism exophthalmos

The elation and euphoria that cocaine induces in susceptible individuals tend to render it a habit drug, but it is more apt to be used for occasional jags, by criminals, rather than daily, as is morphine. The treatment is therefore easier and more likely to be successful. However, it may be used continuously as it was by the South American natives in India, it is combined with the chewing of betel leaf. Cocaine inebriation is active and sociable, in contrast to the dreamy state induced by morphine. It may also induce a more or less maniacal condition, in which the individual becomes dangerous to others. The immediate effects include the phenomena of sympathetic stimulation, resembling hyperthyroidism tachycardia, polypnea, mydriasis, exophthalmos, and fine tremors. Some individuals, especially women, react with marked erotic excitement. The stimulation is succeeded by depression, tremors, pallor, and sunken and unsteady eyes. 

EXCESS occurs in Graves Disease, in which there may be a goiter, exophthalmos (protrusion of one or both eyes), and hyperactivity, with increased body metabolic rate. Hyperthyroidism most commonly is due to overproduction of thyroxine by the thyroid gland. 

Graves disease " is an autoimmune syndrome that may include hyperthyroidism, diffuse thyroid enlargement, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and thyroid acropachy (Figs. 73 and 73-5). Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of Graves disease is estimated to be 3 per... 

Iodine-induced hypothyroidism usually improves within a few weeks after iodine withdrawal, but some patients require temporary hormone replacement therapy (Wemeau, 2002). Unless there is underlying Graves disease, patients with iodine-induced hyperthyroidism do not have exophthalmos (Fradkin and Wolff, 1983 Roti and degU Uberti, 2001). Unlike hypothyroidism, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is often not self-limited, and medication is required in addition to discontinuation of iodine-containing pharmaceuticals (Rajatanavin et al, 1984). 

Neonatal hyperthyroidism has, however, provided new arguments in favor of a pathogenic role of LATS in hyperthyroidism. Some children are bom with hyperthyroidism, including exophthalmos. The symptoms are transient and subside within a month after birth. The severity and duration of the symptoms are related to the levels of LATS in the mother s and infant s blood. 

Hyperthyroidism.—Increased secretion of the hormone may occur without obvious signs of gland enlargement, the result being (i.) increased basal metabolism, (ii.) mild pyrexia, (iii.) pigmentation of the skin, (iv.) nervous restlessness, (v.) mild exophthalmos, (vi.) cardiac and vascular disturbance. 

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