Hypertension antagonist

Antagonists of glucocoiticoid and mineral ocorticoid activity have found iacieased use clinically ia the treatment of hypertension, Cushing s disease, and heightened iatraocular pressure. 

J Antagonist Partial agonist Asthma, hypertension, congestive heart failure... 

In the treatment of hypertension, ACE inhibitors are as effective as diuretics, (3-adrenoceptor antagonists, or calcium channel blockers in lowering blood pressure. However, increased survival rates have only been demonstrated for diuretics and (3-adrenoceptor antagonists. ACE inhibitors are approved for monotherapy as well as for combinational regimes. ACE inhibitors are the dtugs of choice for the treatment of hypertension with renal diseases, particularly diabetic nephropathy, because they prevent the progression of renal failure and improve proteinuria more efficiently than the other diugs. 

ACE inhibitors - AT antagonists - Alpha blockers - Beta blockers Isolated syslolic hypertension (older patienls) - Diuretics preferred (generally Thiazides) - Long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker... 

As endothelins mediate potent vasoconstrictor effects, ECE inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists were developed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as acute and chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and subarachnoid haemorrhage. As ETa recqrtors have potent mitogenic responses and may promote progression of ovarian and prostate cancer and bone metastases ETA receptors are also considered as a potential targets for anti-tumour activity. 

Ferrari P, Ferrandi M, Valentini G et al (2006) Rostafuroxin an ouabain antagonist that corrects renal and vascular Na+-K+-ATPase alterations in ouabain and adducin-dependent hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290 R529-R535... 

In clinical trials, ATI antagonists have proven to be as effective as ACE inhibitors in hypertension, congestive heart failure, and renal failure [3]. The favorable side effect profile of ATI antagonists argues for a greater use of these diugs. At present, due to still higher costs, they are indicated in patients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitor treatment. 

ACE inhibitors do not completely block aldosterone synthesis. Since this steroid hormone is a potent inducer of fibrosis in the heart, specific antagonists, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, have recently been very successfully used in clinical trials in addition to ACE inhibitors to treat congestive heart failure [5]. Formerly, these drugs have only been applied as potassium-saving diuretics in oedematous diseases, hypertension, and hypokalemia as well as in primary hyperaldosteronism. Possible side effects of aldosterone antagonists include hyperkalemia and, in case of spironolactone, which is less specific for the mineralocorticoid receptor than eplerenone, also antiandrogenic and progestational actions. 

The abrupt cessation of a repeatedly or continuously administered opioid agonist, or the administration of an antagonist typically results in the withdrawal syndrome. Signs and symptoms include sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, diarrhea, hyperventilation, and hyperre-flexia. 

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