Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening condition similar to DKA that also arises from inadequate insulin, but HHS occurs primarily in older patients with type 2 DM. DKA and HHS also differ in that HHS lacks the lipolysis,... 

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state A potentially fatal short-term complication most commonly seen in older patients with type 2 diabetes caused by an insufficiency of insulin action that leads to alterations of osmolality and hyperglycemia, but without the ketosis and acidosis seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. 

Acute complications Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state... 

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state are true diabetic emergencies. comprehensive discussion of their treat-... 

When the failure of type II diabetic patients to control hyperglycemia is accompanied by other serious medical conditions (e.g., renal insufficiency, myocardial infarction, or infections), a serious metabolic state referred to as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-... 

Kitabchi A et al Thirty years of personal experience in hyperglycemic crises Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. 3 Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 1541. [PMID 18270259]... 

Kitabchi AE, Nyenwe EA. Hyperglycemic crises in diabetes mellitus diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006 35(4) 725-751, viii. 

To complicate matters further, in childhood diabetes, in recent years, type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin-resistance instead of insulin absence, has become more prevalent among children. Just one decade ago, it would not have been included in the differential diagnosis of pediatric encephalopathy. Recognition of type 2 diabetes in children, and its potential lethality, is very recent. A report fi om Horida in 2004 described a cluster of seven obese African American youth who were initially thought to have died from DKA due to type 1 diabetes, despite meeting the criteria for the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state characteristic of type 2 diabetes and not for DKA. All had previously unrecognized type 2 diabetes (Morales and Rosenbloom, 2004). 

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