Hydrophilic lipophilic balance amines

The univalent alkali-, ammonium- and amine soaps dissociate completely in water and are therefore predominantly hydrophilic. As a result they create oil-in-water (o/w-, high HLB-) systems (HLB = hydrophilic lipophilic-balance, see Sect. 18.3.1). The bivalent earth alkali- or polyvalent metal soaps dissociate little in water and are therefore predominantly lipophilic. The earth alkali soaps form water-in-oil (w/o-, low HLB-) systems, see Sect. 18.4.3. and [4]. 

In total, a corrosive is not exclusively an acid or a base. Other molecular reactive functions can develop, as we have just seen, an aggressive character toward the skin. A corrosive is not a substance only soluble in water as is the case of fatty amines or with some fatty acids, for example. This type of molecules can also present an amphiphilic character. One pole is hydrophilic and the other lipophilic. These properties are useful to classify the behavior and the effectiveness of emulsifiers. This is the concept of hydrophilicity/lipophilicity balance (HLB). The more the value is high (scale from 1 to 40), the more the emulsifier is hydrophilic. These concepts are also used to justify suitable and efficient conditions of washing skin splashes. 

Previously the possibility of using Sc, Sm, and Nd mono- and diphosphorylated amines 1-3 as membrane carriers in conditions of active transport with use of 1,2-dichlorobenzene as a membrane solvent has been shown. At the same time, a high rate of transmembrane transfer of ions Sc and Nd N,N-bis(dihexyl phosphoryl methyl) octyl amine (1) was set. In this paper, the new results of research of membrane transport properties of 1-3 carriers, by symport mechanism are described, and in this case the environmentally acceptable solvent—kerosene as a membrane phase was used. Besides that the membrane-transport properties of diphosphorilamine 4, that have not been described previously containing simultaneously highly lipophilic methyl dioctyl phosphorylic and practically hydrophilic 0,0-diethyl ethyl phosphonate groups in a molecule was studied. It is well-known that creation of optimal hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is a precondition of transmembrane transport effectiveness with organophosphorous carriers. ... 

The cosurfactant molecules are polar enough to be surface active and reside between the tails of the surfactants, thereby increasing the buUdness of the tail group region. Cosurfactants have widely different hydrocarbon moiety sizes compared with the surfactants. Typical examples of cosurfactants are medium-chain alcohols, acids, and amines. The role of a cosurfactant is to (1) lower the interfacial tension down to a very small (near zero) value and increase the fluidity, (2) adjust the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and spontaneous curvature of the interface by controlling surfactant partitioning, (3) destroy the liquid crystalline and/or gel structures, and (4)... 

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