4-Hydroperoxy-2 -nonenal

HPETE, 12(.S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid 15-HPETE, 15(S)-hydropcroxycicosatctracnoic acid 4-HPNE, 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal... 

Figure 5.2 Non-enzymatic degradation of 9- and 13-HPODE and 5- and 15-HPETE. (a) Transition metals and vitamin C mediate the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides and produce several reactive, bifunctional electrophiles 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal,...

Lee and Blair provided a critical link from lipid peroxidation to the formation of etheno adducts by demonstrating the reactivity of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal, 4-oxo-2-nonenal, and 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal with nucleosides. Both 4-hydroperoxy-... 

Figure 5.8 Proposed mechanism of formation for 1,N2-e-dG from reaction of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal with dG. (Figure adapted from [93].)...

Shimozu, Y., Hirano, K., Shibata, T., Shibata, N., and Uchida, K. 4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal is not just an intermediate, but a reactive molecule that covalently modifies proteins to generate unique intramolecular oxidation products. J. Biol. Chem. 286 2011 29313-29324. 

Hydroperoxy-12-oxo-10-dodecenoic acid ll-Oxo-9-undecenoic acid 4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal °... 

Enzymatic biosyntheses have also been reported in plant extracts involving lipoxygenase producing the 9-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid, and lyase (an enzyme catalysing the decomposition of hydroperoxides) producing 3-nonenal and 3-alkenal oxygenase to give 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal, which is reduced to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. 

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