Hydromorphic process

Brinkman R. 1970. Ferrolysis, a hydromorphic soil forming process. Geoderma 3 199-206. 

Bourrie, G. Trolard, F. Jaffrezic, J.-M. R.G.-A. Maitre,V. Abdelmoula, M. (1999) Iron control by equilibria between hydroxy-Green Rusts and solutions in hydromorphic soils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 3417-3427 Bousse, L. Meindl, J.D. (1986) The importance of > /o/pH characteristics in the theory of the oxide/electrolyte interface. In Davis, J.A. Hayes, KF. (eds.) Geochemical processes... 

Because of its almost universal association with porphyry copper deposits and its mobility characteristics. Mo has been used extensively as a pathfinder element for geochemical prospecting for porphyry copper deposits (Rose, Hawkes, and Webb, 1979). Dispersion of Mo in mineralized areas has been shown to occur by both hydromorphic (Bradshaw, 1974) and mechanical (Hansuld, 1966) processes. 

Physico-chemical processes. The phenomenon of capillarity can ensure the ascending displacement of solutions saturated with salts into upper horizons with further precipitation of the inorganic salts. This effect occurs under various conditions. Under semi-arid or desert climates, sodium-rich solutions (e.g., NaCl, Na CO,) form superficial encrustations and efflorescences. Under tropical climates, when the transition from the humid to dry season occurs the ascension of calcium bicarbonate occurs. Finally, in hydromorphic soils, the capillary ascension of ferrous iron in the upper horizon leads to its oxidation by air and precipitation of ferric oxides as concretions. 

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