Hydrolysis, Alcoholysis, and Phenolysis

Reactions. Although both C-alkylsulfinyl- and C-alkylsulfonylquinoxalines have great potential as versatile intermediates, especially for displacement reactions, they have seldom been used as such in recent years for example, their hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and phenolysis have been totally ignored. However, an example of the conversion of an arylsulfonyl-into a halogenoquinoxaline has been given in Section 3.1.5, and some other reported reactions are illustrated in the following examples. 

The same synthetic approach was used for the preparation of cyclic anhydrides [39- 3]. It was known before that succinic and glutaric acid form cyclic anhydrides which do not polymerize (see Formula 3.1, bottom). HiU and Carothers studied the reactions of higher dicarboxylic acids with acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride. In aU cases, polymeric anhydrides were obtained which were supposed to possess mixed anhydride end groups containing acetyl residues. The sensitivity to hydrolysis alcoholysis and phenolysis prevented exact molar mass measurements. However, a reliable distinction from monomeric cyclic anhydrides was achieved by reaction with aniline, because cyclic anhydrides can only yield one reaction product. When the polymeric anhydrides were heated to 150 °C in vacuum they degraded almost completely by back-biting . In this way 10 new cyclic anhydrides were isolated. These cyclic anhydrides underwent rapid polymerization in contact with traces of moisture. 

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