Hydrogen peroxide-permanganate system

In the early studies on luminol and related hydrazides the systems used were composed of either sodium or potassium hydroxide, as base, hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent (more recently molecular oxygen, hypochlorite, iodide, and permanganate have also been used), and some type of initiator or activator. This initiator was frequently hypochlorite, persulfate, a transition metal... 

The benzo[c]cinnoline ring system is resistant to oxidation by chromic acid, but is oxidized to pyridazinetetracarboxylic acid by alkaline permanganate. " Benzo[c]cinnoline has been oxidized to the 5-oxide with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid at 0°C, and further to the 5,6-dioxide at 110°-120 C. The JV-oxidation of various other derivatives has been reported, although the main method for the preparation of N-oxides has been by the reduction of 2,2 -dinitrobiphenyls (Section II,A,2). In the case of unsymmetrically substituted compounds, both of the above methods usually give mixtures of 5- and 6-oxides. Selectivity is occasionally observed, thus 4-bromobenzo[c]cinnoline is oxidized to the 6-oxide, presumably owing to steric factors. Benzo[c]cinnoline oxides of known orientation have been obtained by the cyclization of 2-amino-2 -nitro-biphenyl derivatives (Section II,A,2). 

This is the proceedings from a 1991 symposium on chemical oxidation. Systems covered are hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, ozone, supercritical water oxidation, and wet air oxidation. 

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