Hydrodynamic focusing, 456, curve

The excess mobihty-vs.-temperature curve was found to exhibit a max-immn at elevated temperatures near 150 °C, achievable at elevated pressure. The magnitude of the proton mobihty in pure water was not addressed in those studies, although attempts to determine it were made by Kohhausch at the end of the 19th centmy [78]. Focus was instead on the conductance of strong acids such as HCl in the Umit of infinite dilution. The difference of the measured conductance and the limiting conductance of a salt of a cation with size similar to that of was attributed to excess proton mobility, based on the assmnption that the hydrodynamic radius of both ions is similar. The excess mobility was taken to represent non-classical proton hops on top of the classical hydrodynamic motion of the HsO". ... 

Mao et al. demonstrated a hydrodynamically tunable optofluidic microlens allowing variable focusing of light within a microfluidic device [13]. The mechanism of the optofluidic tunable microlens is shown in Figure 7.7. The microlens was constructed from two fluids with different refractive indices, 5 M CaCl2 solution (n = 1.445) and D1 water (n = 1.335). Both fluids were injected into a microfluidic channel with a 90 degree curve. The adjacent injection of the two miscible fluids resulted in an optically smooth, nearly vertical interface, due to the laminar flow that dominated in microfluidic channels. 

---