Hydrocracking by Continuous Kinetic Lumping Approach

Another method considers petroleum as a mixture containing an infinite number of components, which can be represented as continuous mixture instead of discrete mixture. Such a mixture can be described further by distribution concentration function (Aris and Gavalas, 1966). A continuous mixture is originated when a huge number of unidentified species is contained in a petroleum fraction and the difference between adjacent species is relatively minor (Aris, 1989). The idea of considering a mixture as a continuum was originally proposed by DeDonder (1931), although 

Based on Laxminarasimhan s work, Korasheh et al. (2001,2005) and Ashuri et al. (2007) have extended the application of the continuous lumping to model hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) in order to predict the dependence of parameters with temperature. Basak et al. (2004) have modeled the hydrogen consumption and the bed temperature profile in an industrial 

Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum 

To use the model of Laxminarasimhan et al. (1996), it is necessary to account for initial values of the integrodifferential equation, and for such cases a polydisper-sity analysis (Ostrowsky and Sornette, 1981) has been anployed. Govindhakannan and Riggs (2007) have proposed a method for the construction of a continuous concentration function of the feed employed for desaibing the hydrocracking of any feedstock based on the data reported by Bennett and Bourne (1972) and the method and parameters of Laxminarasimhan et al. (1996) by means of an optimization algorithm. Successful results have been observed. 

Although most of these advantages/disadvantages are important, the most relevant one of continuous kinetic model over discrete lumping is the possibility for predicting the evolution of heteroatom concentration as function of residence time and boiling point distribution. 

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Modeling of Hydrocracking by Continuous Kinetic Lumping Approach... 

Elizalde, I., Ancheyta, J. 2012. Modeling the simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking of heavy residue oil by using the continuous kinetic lumping approach. Energy Fuels 26 1999-2004. 

Elizalde, L, Rodriguez, M.A., Ancheyta J. 2010. Modeling the effect of pressure and temperature on the hydrocracking of heavy crude oil by the continuous kinetic lumping approach. App/. Catal. A 382 205-212. 

Chapter 11 treats the modeling of hydrocracking by means of the continuous kinetic lumping approach. The model is described in detail in a step-by-step process. 

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