Hydrocarbon gases to oxygenates

INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE OF THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBON GASES TO OXYGENATES... 

INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE OF THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBON GASES TO OXYGENATES TABLE 11.5 Product Yields in the Meyer Process [260,266] 209... 

INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE OE THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OP HYDROCARBON GASES TO OXYGENATES 213... 

The current state of elaboration of the technological processes of partial oxidation of hydrocarbon gases to oxygenates is far from perfect, mainly due to insufficient volume of research development. However, it is possible to clearly identify the areas (Fig. 11.18) where this technology is promising, and in some cases, the only one suitable for solving the outstanding problems [270]. Some of these applications are discussed below. 

Direct hydrohquefaction of biomass or wastes can be achieved by direct hydrogenation of wood chips on treatment at 10,132 kPa and 340 to 350°C with water and Raney nickel catalyst (45). The wood is completely converted to an oily Hquid, methane, and other hydrocarbon gases. Batch reaction times of 4 hours give oil yields of about 35 wt % of the feed the oil contains about 12 wt % oxygen and has a heating value of about 37.2 MJ /kg (16,000 Btu/lb). Distillation yields a significant fraction that boils in the same range as diesel fuel and is completely miscible with it. 

All hydrocarbons bum in oxygen gas to produce C02 and H20. ( Air almost always means oxygen gas.) Note the use of the word completely . Unless this word was in the problem, a mixture of CO and C02 gases would result. 

Reactions were carried out at 30.0° 0.05°, 50.0° =t 0.05°, or 80.0° 0.10°C. for the indicated times. The reaction tube was sealed by deKhotinsky wax to a device on the vacuum line suitable for breaking the break tip in the line, the contents were cooled to —195°C., and the tip was broken. The noncondensable gases (unreacted oxygen and nitrogen from the thermal decomposition of the initiator) and the unreacted butadiene were isolated and measured. The butadiene was not always completely separated from the reaction mixture, and it was necessary to determine the purity of the recovered butadiene by GLPC. A portion of the second hydrocarbon was distilled from the reaction mixture and analyzed by GLPC to determine whether all the butadiene had been removed. With the more volatile hydrocarbons it was necessary to correct for the incomplete separations. 

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