Hybrid thermal/electrochemical processes

Electrochemical water splitting, generating H2 and O2 at separate electrodes, largely circumvents the gas recombination and high temperature limitations occurring in thermal hydrogen processes. Thus a hybrid of thermal dissociation and elec-... 

The copper-chloride hybrid thermochemical cycle is one of the best potential low temperature thermochemical cycles for the massive production of hydrogen. It could be used with nuclear reactors such as the sodium fast reactor or the supercritical water reactor. Nevertheless, this thermochemical cycle is composed of an electrochemical reaction and two thermal reactions. Its efficiency has to be compared with other hydrogen production processes like alkaline electrolysis for example. 

SACE is a hybrid process. As discussed in the following chapters, material removal is achieved by thermal and chemical processes. Sometimes SACE is erroneously defined as a combination of EDM and ECM. This is actually not correct, as no electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece takes place. 

The two-step sulfuric acid hybrid process is using in the thermal (w 900 °C) oxygen-producing step the decomposition of sulfuric acid and sulfonic acid in the electrochemical hydrogen-producing step ... 

Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous SO2 on the electrode surface has also aroused interest in the large-scale hydrogen production processes via a hybrid sulfur cycle which was patented as Westinghouse Process. The electrochemical oxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide with respect to the hybrid sulfur cycle has recently been reviewed and shown the importance of the mechanism of the oxidation of sulfur dioxide on the electrode surface. Platinum, gold, and carbon materials as electrocatalysts have been reviewed to compare the catalytic activity for SO2 oxidation [16]. The first step in the Westinghouse Process is the dissociation of H2SO4 into SO2 and O2 by thermal cracking at about 1,000 °C ... 

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