Hybrid proton-conducting membranes

Gomez-Romero P, Asensio JA, Borr6s S (2005) Hybrid proton-conducting membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Phosphomolybdic acid doped poly(2,5-benzimidazole) -(ABPBI-H3PM012O40). Electrochim Acta 50 4715 720... 

Reprinted from M.L. Di Vona, Z. Ahmed, S. BeUitto, A. Lenci, E. Traversa, S. Licoccia, SPEEK-Ti02 nanocomposite hybrid proton conductive membranes via in situ mixed sol-gel process, Journal of Membrane Science 296 (2007) 156-161. 

Gomez-Romero P, Asenslo JA, Borros S (2005) Hybrid proton-conducting membranes for polymer... 

Fu et al. [124] prepared a series of novel covalent organic-inorganic hybrid proton-conductive membranes, each with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN), for DMFC applications through polymer reactions and sol-gel method. A sulfonation reaction was produced as last step. The developed copolymer chains interpenetrated into the PVC matrix to form the semi-IPN structure, and the inorganic silica was covalently bound to the copolymers. 

Lin, B., Cheng, S., Qiu, L, Yan, F., Shang, S., and Lu, J. (2010) Protic ionic liquid-based hybrid proton-conducting membranes for anhydrous proton exchange membrane application. Chem. Mater., 22 (5), 1807-1813. 

Fu, R.Q., Woo, J.J., Seo, S.J., Lee, J.S., and Moon, S.H. (2008) Covalent organic/ inorganic hybrid proton-conductive membrane with semi-interpenetrating polymer network preparation and characterizations. /. Power Sources, 179, 458 466. 

Di Noto, V., R. Gliubizzi, E. Negro, M. Vittadello, and G. Pace, 2007. Hybrid inorganic-organic proton conducting membranes based on Nafion and 5 wt.% of MxOy (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta and W). Part I. Synthesis, properties and vibrational. Electrochim Acfa 53 1618-27. 

Figure 35.3 Nanometer-sized hybrid inorganic-organic proton-conducting membranes consisting of organic poiymers and inorganic components.

Figure 35.4 Synthesis strategy combining soi-gel process and monomers for the preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic proton-conducting membranes.

Aparido, M. and Duran, A. (2004) Hybrid organic/inorganic sol-gel materials for proton conducting membranes. /, Sol-Gel ScL TechnoL, 31, 103-107. 

Yameen B, Kaltbeitzel A, Glasser G, Langner A, Muller E, Gosele U, KnoU W, Azzaroni O (2010) Hybrid polymer-silicon proton conducting membranes via a pore-fiUing surface-initiated polymerization approach. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2(l) 279-287... 

Licoccia, S., Di Vona, M.L., D Epifanio, A., Marani, D., VittadeUo, M., Jayakody, J.R., Greenbaum, S.G. (2006) Ormosil/sulfonated polyetheretherketone-based hybrid composite proton conducting membranes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 153, A1226-A1231. 

Unlii, M., Zhou, J., Kohl, P.A. (2010) Hybrid polymer electrolyte fuel cells alkaline electrodes with proton conducting membrane. Angewandte Chende, 122, 1321-1323. 

Recently sol-gel synthesis of oiganic-inoiganic hybrids has received an extensive attention. Sol-gel techniqne allows obtaining a lot of materials with a wide range of application. Nowadays researchers attention is concentrated on the problem of obtaining of proton conductive materials. Such, materials can be used as polymeric electrolytes and proton conductive membranes in fuel cells, gas sensors, and solar cells [1,2]. 

Hybrid/composite membranes based on Nation and hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes have also been investigated for the proton conduction mechanism. ° °° Di Noto group has made extensive research on inorganic-organic proton-conducting membranes based on Nation and various metal ionic They concluded... 

DI NOTO V, LAVINA S, NEGRO E, VnTADELLO M, CONTI F, PIGA M, PACE G (2009), Hybrid inorganic-organic proton conducting membranes based on Nafion and 5 wt% of M, Oj, (M =Ti, Zr,Hf,Ta, and W). Part II Relaxation phenomena and conductivity mechanism , /. Power Sources, 187,57-66. 

VHTADELLO M, NEGRO E, LAVINA S, PACE G, SAFARI A, DI NOTO V (2008), Vibrational studies and properties of hybrid morganic-organic proton conducting membranes based on Nafion and hafnium oxide nanoparticles , / Phys Chem B, 112, 16590-16600. 

Self-humidifying hybrid fuel cell comprises both two electrodes operating in high pH environment and one proton exchange membrane. (Reprinted with permission from M. Onlu, J. Zhou and P.A. Kohl, Hybrid polymer electrolyte fuel cells Alkaline electrodes with proton conducting membrane, Angew. Chem. hit. Ed. 2010,122,1321-1323. Copyright 2010, John Wiley and Sons). 

For last few years, extensive studies have been carried out on proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes prepared by sol-gel process for PEMFC operating with either hydrogen or methanol as a fuel [23]. A major motivation for this intense interest on hybrid membranes is high cost, limitation in cell operation temperature, and methanol cross-... 

Miyake, N., Wainright, J. S. and Savinell, R. E 2001. Evaluation of a sol-gel derived Nafion/silica hybrid membrane for proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. I. Proton conductivity and water content. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 148 A898-A904. 

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