Hybrid multizonal models

In spite of the success of CFD simulations for the multiphase turbulent fluid flow in stirred-tank bioreactors (see Section 3.4), their application to coupled material balance equations in case of more complicated reaction networks is still limited by the required computing power. Even in case of successful approaches for model reduction, the number of compounds necessary for reliable portrayal of cellular dynamics in response to spatial variation of extracellular compounds may be still too large. An interesting method to overcome these numerical difficulties is the general hybrid multizonal/CFD [27-36], which gave momentum to the application of CFD modeling for bioreactors. 

Bezzo, F., Macchietto, S., and Pantelides, C.C. (2003) General hybrid multizonal/CFD approach for bioreactor modelling. AIChE /, 49, 2133-2148. 

A general methodology for hybrid multizonal/CFD models part II. Automatic zoning. Comput. Chem. Eng., 28, 513-525. 

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