Hybrid Modelling of Dynamic Processes

Greaves et al. (2001) modelled the actual process (Equation 12.2) by combining a simple dynamic model (of type Equation 12.1) and the process-model mismatches (eft)) model. 

As the mismatches of the state variables of a dynamic system (i.e. instant distillate and reboiler compositions in batch distillation) are dynamic in behaviour, they have to be treated as such and not as static processes. To develop them from first principles would be very difficult due to their non-linear dynamic behaviour and it would also be difficult to quantify them in terms of the original state variables. 

The prediction of mismatch profiles starts from discrete point 3. Time n=0 represents discrete point 1 where the mismatch is assumed to be zero for all state 

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