Human genome pharmacological approach

A different approach led to the discovery of a bovine Y2 cDNA clone (Ammar et al., 1995). A retina and pigment epithelium cDNA library was screened for heptahe-lix receptors and a clone was identified whose human genomic homologue upon expression was found to find NPY with nanomolar affinity and displayed the characteristic Y2 pharmacological profile (Ammar et al., 1995). 

This chapter will discuss various experimental approaches used to select the relevant species for conduct of toxicology studies for biopharmaceuticals, as well as highlight advances made in scientific approaches and technologies to facilitate this process. Methods discussed include the traditional immunohisto-chemistry and tissue cross-reactivity studies, flow cytometry, protein sequencing, and functional in vitro assays, as well as newer approaches such as utilization of microarray databases for genomic mRNA expression data and use of transcript profiling studies as an adjunct to functional assays, to understand similarity in pharmacological responsiveness between animals and humans. 

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