Hughes press

Solid shear. In this technique, a frozen cell paste at -20°C is forced through a narrow orifice under very high pressure. The shear forces exerted by the passage of the extruded paste is aided by ice crystal formation in the frozen paste. On the laboratory scale the Hughes press or X-press are used. 

To study enzymic reactions, cell extracts were prepared by Hughes press or sonic probe (7), and activity was assayed in a Warburg flask which was closed with a rubber serum stopper. A hydrogen atmosphere was added to the flask, and after isolation of the flask, the substrate was tipped into the main compartment of the flask. Samples of the gas atmosphere were removed with a hypodermic syringe and were injected into a gas chromatograph which contained a silica gel column (7). 

Physical and mechanical methods are more suitable for cell disruption in general, because these methods cost less and do not affect intracellular biopolymer chemical integrity. Depending on the chemical method, temperature and material, it may affect chemical integrity if no judicious choice of solvents and operating conditions is made. Physical methods can be ultrasound, hydrocyclone, mill balls, Hughes press or osmotic pressure. 

T. E. Hugh, Techniques in Protein Chemisty, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif., 1989. 

Hughs, T.P. (1971) Elmer Sperry Inventor and Engineer, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, pp. 232-233. 

Moelwyn-Hughes, E.A. The Kinetics of Reactions in Solution , 2nd ed. Oxford University Press London, 1947. 

Hughes, T. P. (1983). Networks of Power Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930. Baltimore Johns Hopkms University Press. 

Hughes, GJ. and Frutier, S. 1990 Amino acid analysis protocols, possibilities, and pretensions. In Fini, C, Floridid, A., Finelli, V.N. and Wittman-Leibold, B., eds., Laboratory Methodology in Biochemistry Amino Acid Analysis and Protein Sequencing. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, Inc. 44-61. 

Hugh Ormsby Lennon, review of Lyndy Abraham, Marvell and Alchemy (Aldershot and Brookfield The Scolar Press, 1990) [in ] Cauda Pavonis, ns. Vol. 12, nos 1 and 2 (1993), 13-15. 

Lennon, Hugh Ornisby, Rosicracian Linguistics Twilight of a Renaissance Tradition in Ingrid Merkel and AUen G. Debus (eds.), Hermeticism and the Renaissance (Washington Folger Shakespeare Library London Associated Univesity Presses, 1988), 312-41. 

Hughes, BD, Random Walks and Random Environments Volume I Random Walks Clarendon Press Oxford, 1995. 

BOOTHS (2001) Vitamin K and the skeleton, In BurckhardtP, Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney R P, Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis, San Diego, Academic Press, 273-81. 

Hughes RD, Hawkesworth CJ (1999) The effects of magma replenishment processes on U- °Th disequilibrium. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63 4101-4110 Ivanovich M and Harmon RS, Editors (1992) Uraninm-series disequiUbrinm Applications to Earth, Marine and Enviromnental Sciences (2nd edition). Oxford Science Publications, Oxford University Press, New York... 

Hunter E. Viral entry and receptors. In Coffin SH, Hughes SH, Varmus HE, eds. Retroviruses. New York Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1997 71-119. 

Roberts, Marie Mulvery and Hugh Ormsby- Lennon, eds.Secret texts the literature of secret societies. New York AMS Press, 1995. 349p. 

Moelwyn-Hughes, E. A., Physical Chemistry, p. 1109, Pergamon Press, New York, 1957. 

Hughes JR, Higgins ST and Hatsukami D (1990). Effects of abstinence from tobacco. In LT Kowzlowski (ed.), Recent Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems (Vol. 10). Plenum Press, New York. 

Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. ([1991] 1994), What Ls Philosophy (Translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Graham Burchell), Columbia University Press, New York. 

Busby J.S., Hughes E.J., 2003. Projects, pathogens and incubation periods, International journal ofproject management, in press. 

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