HREM high resolution electron

Fig. 12.17. Usual working ranges of various electron microscopy techniques SEM, scanning electron microscopy TEM, transmission electron microscopy HREM, high-resolution electron microscopy.

Dynamic Random Access Memory FeRAM = Ferroelectric Random Access Memory HCP = Hexagonal close packed HREM = High-resolution electron microscopy HTB = Hexagonal tungsten bronze MPTBh = Monophosphate tungsten bronzes with hexagonal tunnels MPTBp =... 

HREELS high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy HREM high resolution electron microscopy... 

HREM High-resolution electron microscopy PDF Pair distribution function... 

HREM high resolution electron microscopy TCR temperature coefficient of resistance... 

The aspects of catalyst characterization have been discussed in detail elsewhere, for example, see references [2-6], and the numerous methods, some of which are restricted to specific elements and isotopes, that can supply the above knowledge have been tabulated. However, a review should be useful here of only the methods that are most readily available to the general catalytic researcher, such as TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) including SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and HREM (High Resolution Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), physisorption and chemisorption. Because of the unique information it can provide, EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) is also discussed briefly. 

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