Host shift

Interkingdom Host Shift in the Cordyceps Fungi Takema Fukatsu and Naruo Nikoh... 

In this chapter we describe the phylogenetic reconstruction of drastic host shifts in the Cordyceps, a major genus of principally entomoparasitic fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, and discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of the findings. The results described in this chapter have already been published (Nikoh and Fukatsu, 2000), and the reader should refer to the original article for details. 

DRASTIC HOST SHIFTS BETWEEN ABSOLUTELY UNRELATED ORGANISMS... 

HOST ORGANISMS OF THE CORDYCEPS FUNGI AND PRESUMABLE HOST SHIFTS... 

INTERKINGDOM HOST SHIFT FROM CICADA NYMPH TO HART S TRUFFLE... 

HOW MANY TIMES DID THE INTERKINGDOM HOST SHIFT OCCUR ... 

Figure 4 Hypothesis evolutionary process and promoting factors of interkingdom host shift from cicada nymph to hart s truffle in the genus Cordyceps.

When did the drastic host shift happen Berbee and Taylor (1993) analyzed the evolutionary history of radiation of the true fungi, in which the nucleotide substitution rate of fungal 18S rDNA was estimated to be around 1% per 100 MYA. By superimposing this rate on our data, the age of the host shift, presumably at the base of the truffle-cicada clade, was calculated to be 43 + 13 MYA. 

Bass C, Zimmer CT, Riveron JM, Wilding CS, Wondji CS, Kaussmann M, Field LM, Williamson MS, Nauen R (2013) Gene amplification and microsatellite polymorphism underlie a recent insect host shift. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110 19460-19465... 

However, achiral oxoporphyrinogen works as a host capable of signaling chiral information of a-hydroxycar-boxylic acids in H NMR. Thus, enantiomeric excess ee) can be determined by observing the splitting of H NMR resonances of the achiral host. This differs from the case of chiral hosts (shift reagents) where % ee is generally determined from the ratio of peak areas as a result of diastereomeric host-guest complexes. The unusual phenomenon is based on formation of a complex with 1 2 stoichiometry in concert with a protonation-driven tautomerization of the host. 

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