Hornets

Outdoor Pests biting flies, fire ants, hornets, mosquitoes, ticks, wasps mice, moles snails, slugs mil dews, molds, mosses... 

One of the first applications of the Redux process was in construction of structural aluminum parts for the de Havilland bomber Sea Hornet produced during World War II ([198], pp. 80-81 [202,203]). In the original fonn, it consisted of a two-part adhesive including a low viscosity liquid phenolic known... 

Fig. 1. Hieroglyph from the tomb of pharaoh Menes showing the sting ofa kheb wasp or hornet (Arenberg etal. [1]). 

Fig. 2. Species of Hymenoptera responsible for systemic allergic reactions (a) honey bee A. mellif-era), (b) bumble bee (Bombus spp.j, (c) wasp, in the USA yellow jacket (Vespula spp.j, (d) European paper wasp (P. gallicus), (e) European hornet (V. crabro), and (f) Australian jack jumper ant (M. pilo-sula) [by courtesy of Dr. S.G. Brown, Perth, Australia]. 

In the genera Dolichovespula, D. maculata and D. arenaria, the American hornets, are the most prevalent species in the USA in Europe, D. saxonica, D. media and D. sylvestris are important. Dolichovespula usually build their nests above ground, either hanging freely in tree branches, or in attics or window shutters. In contrast to Vespula, Dolichovespula has not much interest in human foods and stings therefore occur mainly near their nests. 

Vespa crabro, the European hornet, and V. orientalis are the most important species of the genus Vespa in Europe, Asia and Africa, and V. crabro has also been imported in the USA. These species are much larger than other vespids (fig. 2e). They build their nest mostly above ground, in hollow tree trimks or in birds nest boxes. Stings occur almost exclusively near the nests. 

Merck Co., Inc. Bee, wasp, hornet, and ant stings, Merck Web site. Available online. URL http //www.merck.com/mmhe/ sec24/ch298/ch298g.html. Accessed on March 19, 2008. 

Rj-S-Hexadecanolide (27) is the pheromone produced by the queens of the oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis). Yamamoto synthesized (R)-27 by employing an interesting asymmetric process (A—>B) followed by a multi-step conversion of B to (R)-27 via C (Scheme 40) [65]. 

Crabrolin [74b] (from hornet venom) RPMC stimulation of secretion... 

Figure 7 Venomous hymenoptera insects, (a) Common honeybee (Apis me/Z/fera) (b), eastern yellowjacket Vespula maculifrons)-, (c) European hornet (Vespa crabro), (d) bull ant (Myrmecia esuriens)-, (e) Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia japonica,)] (f) wasp stinger. Photos from (a) to (f) by Autan (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License), E. Begin (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License), N. Jones (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License), Nuytsia (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License), Netman (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License), and M. Halldin (GNU free documentation license), respectively.

Amelanchier lamarckii Cornus kousa var. chinensis Crataegus monogyna Enkianthus campanulatus Euonymus europaeus Laburnum anagyroides Liguidambar styraciflua above) Malus Golden Hornet, ... 

The palatability of the flesh of birds to humans is broadly correlated with their visibility, including plumage color and behavior. Cott (1947) noted in Egypt that hornets Vespa orientalis) fed on a carcass of a dove but ignored that of a kingfisher... 

Two components of the female produced sex pheromone of the hornet moth, Sesia apiformis Cl. (Lepidoptera Sesiidae), were identified as (3.Z, 13-T)-octadeca-3,13-dien-l-ol and (2 , 13.Z)-octadeca-2,13-dienal. Although single components were not attractive, a 2 3 mixture proved to be highly active towards males in field tests. ... 

Allergic reactions (eg, bronchospasm, urticaria, pruritus, angioneurotic edema, or swelling of the lips, eyelids, tongue, and nasal mucosa) due to anaphylactic shock caused by stinging insects (primarily of the order Hymenoptera, that includes bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, bumble... 

The venoms of many kinds of bees, wasps, and hornets (the genera Vespa, Polistes, Vespula, Ropalidia, etc.) contain biogenic amines such as histamine (136), serotonin (141), and catecholamines in addition to polyamines such as putrescine (111), spermidine (110), and spermine (112) (Table VIII). The biogenic amines in the venoms act as the main pain-producing principles 46). The contents of these amines in the venom may affect the severity of pain production, edematous reaction of the skin, or increase in skin permeability by stings of these insects. Consequently these amines act as toxins for their defense, together with acetylcholine, enzymes, and peptides 47). 

Hornet Ball Cartridge. See under Cartridge, Ammunition in Vol 2, p C74-L... 

CX B,B-Dicyano-o-chlorostyrene, o-ChlorobenzylidenemalononitrUe Phosgene oxime, Dichlorofirmoxime, Hornet... 

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