Horner relation

Using the Horner relation, Smith demonstrated that the effective viscosity of the flowing fluid (foamy oil and solids) is much less than measured in the bulk single phase 50-500 mPa s compared with 1700-3500 mPa s, for Lloydminster-type oils. 

The review of Morrison et al. (10) traces the development of the use of rhodium-chiral phosphine catalysts to about the end of 1974. This field was initiated by the suggested incorporation (216) of chiral phosphines, instead of triphenylphosphine, into the so-called Wilkinson catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3 (Section II,A), or into closely related systems. Horner s group (217, 218) used such catalysts, formed in situ in benzene... 

Asymmetric Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Related Reactions... 

Related to these enzyme -catalysed reactions are electroreductions of acetophenone in the presence of chiral crown ethers. The low optical yields (<3%) are attributed to association of the prochiral substrate and the chiral crown ether salt complex in the electrochemical double layer (Horner and Brich, 1978). 

Horner WD Dinitrophenol and its relation to formation of cataracts. Arch Ophthalmol (Paris) 27 1097-1121, 1942... 

Fluorofuranose precursors are prepared via Horner-Emmons reaction on L-glyceraldehyde acetonide (Figure 6.11). Due to the allylic position of the base, these compounds are much more unstable than the related saturated molecules (cf. Figure 3.17, Chapter 3). The presence of the fluorine atom enhances the hydrolytic stability of these compounds. Some of these molecules have good antiviral activities on infected cells. 

Horner WD. 1941. A study of dinitrophenol and its relation to cataract formation. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 39 405-437. 

Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reactions of Phosphonate Anions. - As with the Horner modification of the Wittig reaction, the principal focus of papers that mention the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction relate to synthetic applications. The use of pressure to induce the synthesis of P-amino esters, p-thioesters and P-thionitriles via tandem Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Michael reactions has been reported. The reagent (l-tritylimidazol-4-yl)methylphosphonate (99) has been prepared and, when treated with aldehydes and ketones, affords (E)-vinylimidazoles in high yields. ... 

Horner s syndrome is a well-recognized complication of interscalene brachial plexus block, stellate ganglion block, and occasionally epidural blockade. It occurs when the local anesthetic reaches the cervical sympathetic trunk and is usually transient. However, persistent Horner s syndrome is a rare complication, and may represent traumatic interruption of the cervical sympathetic chain. Cases of prolonged Horner s syndrome related to prevertebral hematoma formation at the site of continuous interscalene blockade have been described (66). 

Related reactions , Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination - Still-Gennari modification, Julia-Lithgoe olefination, Peterson... 

Maier, L., Kunz, W. Preparation of triazolylmethylphosphonates and of triazolylmethylphosphonium salts and their application in the Wittig-Horner reaction. Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements 1987, 30, 201-204. 

Jarosz, S. Synthesis of higher carbon sugars via coupling of simple monosaccharides-Wittig, Horner-Emmons, and related methods. Journai of Carbohydrate Chemistry 200, 20, 93-107. 

Related reactions Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons oiefination, Julia oiefination, Peterson oiefination, Takai-Utimoto oiefination, Tebbe... 

Related reactions Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination, Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination - Still-Gennari modification, Julia-Lithgoe olefination, Takai-Utimoto olefination, Tebbe oiefination, Wittig reaction, Wittig reaction - Schiosser modification ... 

Djerassi, C. Brominations with N-bromosuccinimide and related compounds. The Wohl-Ziegler reaction. Chem. Rev. 1948,43, 271-317. Horner, L., Winkelmann, E. H. Course of substitution. XV. N-Bromosuccinimide-properties and reactions. Angew. Chem. 1959, 71, 349-365. 

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