Hormones genomic receptors

Genomic receptors for steroid hormones have been clearly identified in the nervous system 849... 

Steroid Hormones and Neurosteroids. Steroids (qv) can affect neuroendocrine function, stress responses, and behavioral sexual dimorphism (78,79) (see Steroids). Mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors are localized in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to genomic actions, the neurosteroid can act more acutely to modulate the actions of other receptors or ion channels (80). Pregnenolone [145-13-17, ( ) dehydroepiandosterone [53-43-0] C H2 02 (319) are excitatory neurosteroids found in rat brain, independent of adrenal... 

None of these findings undermines the importance of the intracellular genomic actions of steroids. Rather, they increase the richness of the cellular actions of steroid hormones and raise the possibility that there may be connections between genomic and nongenomic actions of steroids. For example, genomic action may induce receptors that mediate nongenomic effects. Moreover, the activation of oxytocin receptors by progesterone is dependent... 

Like steroid hormones, thyroid hormones interact with receptors to alter genomic activity and affect the synthesis of specific proteins during development [25-28], As with testosterone and progesterone, metabolic transformation of thyroxine (T4) is critical to its action [25-28]. Moreover, as with steroid hormones, thyroid hormones alter brain functions in adult life in ways that both resemble and differ from their action during development [25-28]. 

The superfamily of nuclear receptors includes about 150 proteins in the human genome. These are the targets of all principal classes of steroids as well as those of retinoids, vitamin D, and thyroid hormones. 

Ligand-Independent Activation of Steroid Hormone Receptors and Non-genomic Effects of Steroids... 

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