Horizontal Diffusion Two-Dimensional Mixing

A difficulty in applying a simple one-dimensional vertical explanation for the sequence of redox reactions, and for changes in the depth of the oxic-suboxic interface, is that horizontal transport appears to play a dominant role. Diffusion and mixing are much more rapid along, rather than across, equal density or isopycnal surfaces. Reactions occurring at the side boundaries of the Black Sea may have a strong influence on the distribution of properties observed in the interior (e.g., 40). In addition, the chemocline of the Black Sea appears to be subject to rapid lateral ventilation (15, 42) with waters of different histories and pathways. Both dissolved and particulate components are affected in this way (40). Unfortunately, data are not yet available for developing one- or two-dimensional horizontal and vertical interpretations. 

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