Horizontal decomposers

B) Horizontal decomposer (e) hydrogen gas distributor (i) packing pressing springs [3, p. 31],... 

The cell voltage under these conditions is ca. 4 V, the current efficiency 0.95. Up to 50 cells are connected in series. Horizontal decomposers usually have the same length as the cell, but are less... 

A mercury cell consists of three major elements (1) a cell with inlet and outlet end boxes, anodes, connecting buses, short-circuiting switches, and inlet and outlet piping for gases, water and brine (2) a vertical or a horizontal decomposer, located beneath the cell or at the lower end of the cell, where the amalgam is stripped to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, and (3) a mercury pump to recycle the mercury from the bottom of the decomposer to the high end of the cell, as shown schematically in Fig. 5.7. 

FIGURE S.7. Schematic of a mercury cell with decomposer [71]. (A) Mercury cell (a) Mercury inlet box (b) Anodes (c) End box (d) Wash box. (B) Horizontal decomposer, (e) Hydrogen gas cooler (f) Graphite blades (g) Mercury pump. (C) Vertical decomposer (e) Hydrogen gas cooler (g) Mercury pump (h) Mercury distributor, (i) Packing pressing stnings CW cold water. (With permission from John Wiley Sons, Inc.)... 

There are two types of industrial decomposers, horizontal and vertical. Horizontal decomposers are ducts with rectangular channels (Fig. 5.12) located below the cells with a 1.0-2.5% slope. The amalgam flows with a depth of 10 mm, and the catalyst is in the form of graphite blades 4-6 mm thick, immersed in the amalgam. 

The amalgam reacts with demineralized water in counterflow. Horizontal decomposers require about 30-40% of the space required for the cells. Horizontal decomposers produce caustic with a low mercury content. However, they are difficult to service and maintain. They are obsolete and have been replaced by vertical decomposers. 

B) Horizontal decomposer e) Hydrogen gas cooler f) Graphite blades g) Mercury pump... 

Figure 21. Cross section through a horizontal decomposer...

MPa. The temperature, normalised by the glass temperature T, is plotted linearly on the horizontal axis it runs from 0 (absolute zero) to 1.6 (below which the polymer decomposes). 

If a heatable press is not available, one may proceed as follows Two flat iron plates of about 2-cm thickness are heated in an oven to 240 °C and then taken out. One of these plates is laid on the lower jaw of a horizontally mounted vice.lt is allowed to cool until a crumb of the filled condensation product no longer decomposes (colors) when placed... 

A gel of 2-8 mm thickness is made from Soln. C" in a horizontal slab apparatus. Because urea decomposes slightly during heating, it should be avoided to melt it several times or to keep it melted for longer periods. 

They use at Falun [he said] for the manufacture of sulfur, pyrites occurring at various places in the copper mine. The pyrites are often mixed with galena, blende, and several foreign substances. The pyrites are placed on a layer of dry wood, in long, horizontal furnaces, the upper part of which is covered with earth and decomposed pyrites the fumes pass from these furnaces into horizontal tuyeres, the fore part of which is of brick and the rest of wood. The wood is lighted below, and the heat causes the excess sulfur to distil from the lower layer of the pyrite the gaseous sulfur is carried by the current of warm air, and is finally deposited as flowers in the tuyeres,. . . ... 

CANDLE.—Read, in connection with the processes described at pages 430,431 —The operations of saponification of the fat, and decomposition of the lime-soap by sulphuric acid, have been hitherto effected in open vessels, under the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere. An improvement on this plan has been recently proposed by M, Delapchiek, of Besangoo, who substitutes dose vessels in Order to saponify the fat. Wash and decompose the lime-soap under a pressure of about twenty-two pounds to the square inch, by which the operations are considerably facilitated, and their duration shortened. The products by this process are said to be superior to those obtained in open vessels, and a considerable economy of flaid is effected. The apparatus consists essentially of a horizontal boiler, with a man-hole and two safety valves at the top, The heat is furnished by a large steam-pipe, running in a depression along the bottom of the boiler. The... 

Preparation.—The element is used only to a small extent in commerce. None at all has been produced in recent years in the United States, where the annual demand rarely exceeds 100 tons.5 In Europe it is generally produced by the sublimation of native arsenic or by heating arsenopyrite or lollingite. The mineral is heated in the absence of air at 650° to 700° C. in earthenware retorts or in tubes laid horizontally in a long furnace. The arsenide minerals decompose thus ... 

Photosensitization is used for large-area photochemically stimulated CVD, because the generation of a sufficient photon flux over a large area to drive the chemistry directly is difficult. Usually, Hg excited by an external Hg lamp is used as a sensitizer. The energy in the excited Hg is then transferred to other gas-phase species that decompose and react to form a thin film. The process is used in horizontal reactors for the deposition of SiOj and SiN Hs from SiH4, NzO, and NH3 (40-42) and to assist the deposition of CdHgTe, in which Hg is a natural gas-phase constituent (43). 

For a more detailed study of the intra-annual variability of the horizontal structure of the Black Sea main pycnocline, we decomposed climatic monthly salinity fields at a depth of 100 m over empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). The results showed that 80% of the total dispersion of the intra-annual variability in the salinity fields are described by five EOFs three of them are presented in Fig. 9. 

To give an example of the dramatic influence which the geometric parameters can have on coalescence behavior, Fig. 77 shows Y(X) correlations for the industrial-size slot injector which were obtained in a vessel of 30 x 8 m water height. The injector was positioned 1 m above the bottom at the vessel wall in such a way that its axis formed an angle of 0°, + 35° resp. - 35° with the horizontal. Only in the last case, the free jet was pointed towards the floor and decomposed into the bubble swarm just above it. Near the floor, the suction of the free jet is weakest on account of bottom friction. Furthermore, the bubble swarm which has formed does not exert a chimney effect there. Consequently, liquid entrainment into the free jet is suppressed at exactly that point at which it would be particularly supportive of coalescence on account of the weakened kinetic energy of the free jet. 

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