Horizontal and Vertical Standards

Standards are referred to as being either horizontal or vertical in their application. Most standards are horizontal or general in that they apply to any employer. Standards relating to fire protection or first aid are examples of horizontal standards (OSHATI, 1994, chap. 2). 

Some standards are relevant only to a particular industry, and are called vertical or particular standards. Examples are standards that apply to the longshoring or construction industry. 

---