Hop garden

Until the mid-1990s, multiple-resistance (i.e., resistance to more than one herbicide mode of action within the same biotype) had not been reported within North America. However, Foes et al. (1996) found a kochia biotype from western Illinois resistant to atrazine and several ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Lopez-Martinez et al. (1996) reported that a triazine-resistant Echinochloa species found in atrazine-treated com also showed cross-resistance to quinclorac. Clay and Underwood (1989) and Clay (1989) reported that one triazine-resistant biotype of American willowherb was also resistant to paraquat from a hop garden in the United Kingdom treated annually for 25 years with simazine and paraquat. 

Those aphids which survive the summer on the hop produce winged forms, both male and female, in early September which migrate back to the damson. Here wingless females are born which lay the eggs that survive the winter. It is obviously desirable to eliminate Prunus spp., which can act as host to aphids and the prunus necrotic ringspot virus, from the vicinity of the hop garden. 

This is a very specialised type related to touch. Tendrils of peas are positively thigmotropic allowing them to wrap around each other and any supporting objects. Similarly, hop stems will climb up strings in the hop garden by wrapping... 

Leaves with many tiny holes. Cause Flea beetles. Infested leaves quickly dry out and may wither. These tiny black, brown, or bronze insects hop readily when disturbed. Keep nasturtiums sufficiently watered. Eliminate garden debris where flea beetles reside. Spray serious infestations with pyrethrin. 

Kxtridge s Salve. Hake a decoction in rain water of 14 pounds each bittersweet root and sweet elder root 4 pound each hop vines, hop leaves, and garden plantain tops, with 4 pound of the root of the last named plant, and 4 ounce plug tobacco. Strain, and press through a thick cloth, and evaporate to 4 pint. Then mix with 1 pound sweet butter and 1 ounce each resin and Dees -wax. Heat gently until the water has all evaporated. This is a good curative salve for sores on the human body as well as on animals. 

Downy mildew is caused by the fungus Pseudoperonospora humuli (Miyabe and Tak.), G. W. Wilson. It was first observed in Japan in 1905 and in the United States in 1909. At that time hops were grown in the United States along the east coast and the incidence of downy mildew was one of the major factors which determined the transfer of the hop-growing industry to the west coast. In Britain the disease was unknown before 1920 but since then it has spread to all the hop-growing areas and some infection can be found in most gardens. Epidemics can readily occur under suitable weather conditions if control measures are not carried out. As discussed above, new varieties resistant to downy mildew are now available. 

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