Hooke Micrographia

R. Hooke, Micrographia Or Some Physiological Descriptions of hAinute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses. With Observations and Inquiries thereupon, Jo. Martyn and Ja. Allestry, Printers to the Royal Society, London, 1665. See also the facsimile reprint published by Culture Et Civilisation, Brussels, 1966. 

R. Hooke, Micrographia or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies made by Magnify ing Glasses. With Observations and Inquiries thereupon, London (1667). 

Robert Hooke, Micrographia, London, 1665. Preface , unpaginated, sig. 

Robert Hooke gives a theory of combustion in his book Micrographia. ... 

Hooke R. (1665) Preface to Micrographia. The Royal Society of London. 

Hooke, R. 1961. Micrographia or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries thereupon. New York Dover Publications. 

Robert Hooke s drawing of a "blue fly" appeared in Micrographia, the first book on microscopy, published by Hooke in 1665. 

The first two propositions deal with the physical structure of matter. There are two levels of organization—minutest particles, Boyle s corpuscles, which may associate into coalitions of minute masses or clusters. Microscopes, invented around the start of the seventeenth century, provided direct evidence of the ex-tream littleness of even the scarce sensible parts of concretes. " Boyle s associate Hooke published his masterpiece, Micrographia (see the next essay), just four years after The Sceptical Chymist. Boyle noted further that quicksilver could be distilled, dissolved in acids and filtered, and converted to amalgams that could be finely ground, but all finely divided forms could eventually be recovered as the shiny, metallic liquid. One of Boyle s most wonderful works is his Effluviums essay (1673) (see Figure 170), in which he imagines the smallest physically measurable... 

Hooke s major published work was his 1665 folio Micrographia," one of the most beautiful books in the history of science. It is overwhelmingly a book of microscopy, although the final two essays describe telescopic studies of the stars and the moon. Hooke s later sketches of Mars were employed in the nineteenth century to determine the planet s period of rotation. ... 

FIGURE 147. Crystals from Robert Hooke s 1665 Micrographia. Hooke explained crystalline structures on the basis of close packing of spheres, an insightful anticipation of Dalton s explanation 140 years later (see Figure 232). 

Newton came across the Robert Hooke s famous book Micrographia that was published around 1964. Robert Hooke is famous for providing the law of elasticity in 1660. It states that for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. It is said that Hooke got this idea while working with Robert Boyle (1627-1691) on whose name is a law that states that for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. In 1678, Hooke described the inverse square law to describe planetary motion. Later on Newton provided a universal law of gravitation that is stated as follows ... 

Hooke, Robert (b. 1635 Isle of Wight d.l703 London) proposed the elasticity theory. He also coined the term cell in his book Micrographia (1665) and much more he feuded with Newton. 

The first recorded idea of a human-made fiber was attributed to Dr. Robert Hooke of London, who, in 1664, wrote in his book Micrographia [110]... 

Hooke contributed substantially to the advancement of chemistry. In addition to his work with Boyle, he pointed to some directions for future chemical research. In his book describing his observations with a microscope, Micrographia, Hooke put forth a theory of combustion in which he states that a substance common to both potassium nitrate and air, nitrous air, is the agent of combustion. But as with many of his insights, he did not pursue the idea further (a habit that was the source perhaps, of his perception that others usurped his ideas), leaving this to the next person we encounter, John Mayow. 

It was Hooke who put forward the first coherent theory of the phenomenon of combustion in the Micrographia. Hooke believed that combustible materials contained the sulphur principle and that air acted as a solvent for sulphurous bodies. He thought that during combustion a proportion of the inflammable material was dissolved and turned into the air, and made to fly up and down with it . The act of solution produced heat and fire and was caused by a substance in the air, and a similar or identical substance was combined in nitre. 

Hooke balanced his inventions with more pure research. He improved early compound microscopes around 1660. In Micrographia (1665), he coined the word cell to describe the features of plant tissue (cork from the bark of an oak tree) he was able to discover under the microscope. He applied his extensive mathematical knowledge in formulating the theory of planetary movement, which provided a basis for Sir Isaac Newton s theories of gravitation. In 1667 he discovered the role of oxygenation in the respiratory system. 

But also Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was a man with many talents his most important attributes were creativity, power of observation, and ingenuity. Leeuwenhoek was a common man without any fortune or formal education, so he had to work for a living. Leeuwenhoek made simple (one-lens) microscopes. He was not the first person to build a microscope, but the microscopes that he could build were the best ones of that time period. Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe bacteria (from teeth scrapings) and protozoan (from pond water) and also helped to prove the theory of blood circulation. He gained much of his inspiration from reading Hooke s Micrographia. 

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