Homologation of carboxylic acids via

In this paper we disclose the syngas homologation of carboxylic acids via ruthenium homogeneous catalysis. This novel homologation reaction involves treatment of lower MW carboxylic acids with synthesis gas (C0/H2) in the presence of soluble ruthenium species, e.g., Ru02, Ru3(C0)12, H4Ru4(C0)12, coupled with iodide-containing promoters such as HI or an alkyl iodide (1). 

Scheme 34. Homologation of carboxylic acids via phenyl vinyl sulfone adducts [32]...

D-glucosamine, Tetrahedron Asymm., 5, 2137, 1994 (s) Barton, D. H. R., Chern, C.-Y., and Jas-zberenyi, J. Cs., Homologation of carboxylic acids by improved methods based on radical chain chemistry of acyl derivatives of N-hydroxy-2-thiopyridone, Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5013, 1992 (t) Barton, D. H. R., Chem, C.-Y., and Jaszberenyi, J. Cs., Two carbon homologation of carboxylic acids via carbon radicals generated from the acyl derivatives of N-hydroxy-2-thiopyridone synthesis of n-l-2 a-keto-acids from Q, acids. (The three carbon problem). Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 5017, 1992. 

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