Homogeneous catalytic kinetics acid-base

The kinetics of homogenous catalytic reactions are presented here for the acid/base and enzymatic catalysis as examples. 

Several methods are available for estimating acidity in solution for the homogeneous superacids spectroscopy (UV, NMR), electrochemical methods, chemical kinetics, and heats of protonation of weak bases (9). Due to the heterogeneity of solid superacids, accurate acidity measurements are difficult to carry out and to interpret. The most simple and useful way to estimate the acidity of a solid catalyst is to test its catalytic activity in well-known acid-catalyzed reactions we usually compare the activity with that of Si02-Al20v... 

Carbonylation and decarbonylation reactions of alkyl complexes in catalytic cycles have been reviewed . A full account of the carbonylation and homologation of formic and other carboxylic acid esters catalysed by Ru/CO/I systems at 200 C and 150-200 atm CO/H2 has appeared. In a novel reaction, cyclobutanones are converted to disiloxycyclopentenes with hydrosilane and CO in the presence of cobalt carbonyl (reaction 4) . The oxidative addition of Mel to [Rh(CO)2l2] in aprotic solvents (MeOH, CHCI3, THF, MeOAc), the rate determining step in carbonylation of methyl acetate and methyl halides, is promoted by iodides, such as Bu jN+I", and bases (eg 1-methylimidazole) . A further kinetic study of rhodium catalysed methanol carbonylation has appeared . The carbonylation of methanol by catalysts prepared by deposition of Rh complexes on silica alumina or zeolites is comparable with the homogeneous analogue . 

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