Homoenolate Acetal derived

Silyloxycyclopropanecarboxylates are masked homoenolate equivalents which can also add to dimethyl(methylene)iminium salts. In one of several examples reported by Reissig and Lorey, methyl 2-f-butyl-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclopropanecarboxylate and triflate salt (33) react to produce methylaminomethyl-y-oxo ester (64 Scheme 14). The reactive intermediate has not been precisely determined but is most likely a ring-opened enolate (63) or its silyl ketene acetal derivative. The reaction can also be performed using the chloride iminium salt (31) in the presence of TiCU, but the reproducibility is poor due to reduced solubility. The products of these reactions are convenient precursors to a-methylene-8-lactones and acrylic acid derivatives. 

Allyltitanium complexes derived from a chiral acetal have been reacted with carbonyl compounds and imines [63], While the chiral induction proved to be low with carbonyl compounds, high induction was observed with imines. This complex represents the first chiral homoenolate equivalent that reacts efficiently with imines. Finally, the reactions with electrophiles other than carbonyl compounds and imines, namely a proton source, NCS, and I2, furnished the corresponding alkene, chloro, and iodo derivatives in good yields [64]. 

Another common umpolung synthon is a homoenolate. Normally the ft position of a carbonyl compound is an electrophilic center (by Michael addition to an 0, /3-unsaturated carbonyl derivative). To make it a nucleophilic center, an organometallic is needed since it is unactivated and nonconjugated. A common way to do this is to use a /3-bromo acetal. 

In view of the remarkable stability of metal homoenolates of esters, the existence of homoenolate species containing a 3-halo substituent, i.e. zinc carbenoid moiety connected to an ester group, appeared to be possible. Indeed, when a silyl ketene acetal is treated with a carbenoid generated from CHBrj and Et2Zn, two types of highly intriguing reactions ensue [58]. With a purely aliphatic substrate, Eq. (61), an alkyl cyclopropylcarboxylate due to intramolecular p-CH-insertion of the intermediate zinc carbenoid formed. When the substrate contained an olefmic double bond in the vicinity of the carbenoid function, Eq. (62), in particular an intermediate derived from an a,P-unsaturated ester, internal cyclo-propanation occurred to give bicyclic or tricyclic product (Table 15). 

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