Hole, configurational space

Here we are then enjoying the temporary expansion of space and time in which all our chemistry can occur and in which evolution has occurred by the laws of chemistry. The space between galaxies is not empty (virtual particles can appear in a vacuum), and it appears not to be unstructured, and the physicists are speaking about a worm-hole configuration whereas anyone with a sense of esthetics would have wished they had thought of Swiss cheese to go along with quarks (Farmers cheese in German) which appear to be the fundamental particles of matter. But no such luck, our life has developed in wormholes if they will be confirmed. Terms like this have a tendency to... 

Apart from the Ff-states there are other zeroth-order states outside the primary space that couple to T-states. These are made up from higher excitations of the components of the zeroth-order T-states of Eq. (48). E. g., there are states with a two-particle-two-hole configuration aj,4 aa tta ) in... 

In principle, one can extract from G(ti)) the complete series of the primary (one-hole, Ih) and excited (shake-up) states of the cation. In practice, one usually restricts the portion of shake-up space to be spanned to the 2h-lp (two-hole, one-particle) states defined by a single-electron transition, neglecting therefore excitations of higher rank (3h-2p, 4h-3p. ..) in the ionized system. In the so-called ADC[3] scheme (22), elertronic correlation effects in the reference ground state are included through third-order. In this scheme, multistate 2h-lp/2h-lp configuration interactions are also accounted for to first-order, whereas the couplings of the Ih and 2h-lp excitation manifolds are of second-order in electronic correlation. 

This suggests that in the particle-hole representation each occupied one-particle state in the lN configuration can be assigned a value of the z-projection of the quasispin angular momentum 1/4 and each unoccupied (hole) state —1/4. When acting on an AT-electron wave function the operator a s) produces an electron and, simultaneously, annihilates a hole. Therefore, the projection of the quasispin angular momentum of the wave function on the z-axis increases by 1/2 when the number of electrons increases by unity. Likewise, the annihilation operator reduces this projection by 1/2. Accordingly, the electron creation and annihilation operators must possess some tensorial properties in quasispin space. Examination of the commutation relations between quasispin operators, and creation and annihilation operators... 

As for the case of the two-leg ladder, we select the Local Configurations (LC) which are the much important for the ground state wave function. This selection of the relevant LC is made by combining energetic and symmetry considerations. For that purpose, we use the electron-hole symmetry operator, J, to classify the LC. On the Fock space of a single site n, the action of this operator are summarized as follows [40]... 

Mizuta et al. (1993) have reported that a single-layer photoreceptor containing 9-isopropylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde-N,N-diphenylhydrazone is fatigued on exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The results were interpreted by a mechanism where radiation induces isomerization of the anti- to the -isomer. The latter has a lower ionization potential and is a hole trap. In the single-layer configuration, hole trapping near the free surface results in the creation of volume space charges, which cause decreased sensitivity. 

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