Hole burning spectroscopy fluorescence detection

Pairwise EET rates cannot be directly measured in antenna systems. The closest approach to direct determination is offered on the one hand by time resolved picosecond and sub-picosecond absorption and fluorescence measurements and on the other hand by hole burning spectroscopies. Time resolved techniques do not detect transfer between isoenergetic sites. A somewhat more indirect approach to determining pairwise rates is that of analysing excited state lifetime data in terms of a particular antenna and an EET model. 

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