History of Nucleosome-Remodeling Complexes

Multisubunit Complexes that Alter Nucleosome Structure 

Two other lines of experimentation supported a direct, ATP-dependent effect on nucleosome structure by SWI/SNF complexes. When GAL4 fusion proteins or a combination of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TFIIA were added to nucleosomes containing binding sites for these proteins, the transcription factors bound poorly or not at all. Similar results were obtained when SWI/SNF enzymes were added in the absence of ATP. However, in the presence of ATP, the affinity of GAL4 proteins for their binding sites on the nucleosome was drastically increased (Cote et al., 1994 Kwon et al., 1994), and the TBP/TFIIA complex was able to stably bind to the nucleosome (Imbalzano et al., 1994). Experiments done by 

SWI/SNF subfamily SWI/SNF Swi2/Snf2 dSWI/S/VF Brahma hSWI/SA/F-A (BAF) hBRG1, hBRM 

ISWI subfamily ylSW1 Isw1 NURF ISWI RSF hSNF2H 

CHD/Mi-2 subfamily CHD1 Chd1 dMi-2 dMi-2 NURD (NuRD, NUD) CHD3/4 (Mi-2 x/p) 

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