Historical Profile of Advances in Understanding MIC

Pre-modem times, i.e., the 1980s, may be considered a real boom in MIC studies. By the 1980s the impact of stagnant hydrotest conditions on inducing MIC (or more accurately, microbially assisted chloride pitting corrosion) into stainless steel at chloride ion concentrations as low as 200 mg per litre was quite 

The post-modern era covers the 1990s and beyond. Some of the characteristic activities of this era are the application of rather sophisticated devices such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) [28] and electron microprobe analysis in MIC investigations and studies. 

In principle, the post-modem era can be said to have the following characteristics [29]  

EDXA technique detects elements, whereas XRD can be used for crystalline compounds. 

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