Highly charged cylinder

The synthesis gas comes premixed for the desired composition in a high pressure cylinder, e.g., DOT3AA6000 that has 1.5 ft = 42 liter volume. If this cylinder is charged to 380 atm and used down to 80 atm it holds as useful volume (380 - 80) 42 = 12,600 normal liter of synthesis gas. This is 562 g-mol. 

Stigter, D, Electrophoresis of Highly Charged Colloidal Cylinders in Univalent Salt Solutions. 2. Random Orientation in External Field and Application to Polyelectrolytes, Journal of Physical Chemistry 82, 1424, 1978. 

Stigter, D. (1977) Interactions of highly charged colloidal cylinders with applications to double stranded DNA. Biopolymers 16, 1435-1448. 

This maximum fill density provides allowance for the expansion of the compressed liquid so as the temperature rises to 130°F (54.4 C), the pressure in the container will not exceed an established safe limit, generally five-fourths the service pressure of the cylinder. Also, the pressure in the container will not exceed the functioning pressure of the pressure relief device. This prevents the properly charged cylinder from becoming liquid ftill. This condition is highly undesirable as extreme hydrostatic forces can develop in a few seconds that can cause failure of the cylinder walls. Even if a pressure relief device is present, these hydrostatic forces have been known to cause wall failure before the pressure relief device could function. Thus, following these fill guidelines is of paramount importance. 

Type CG-9. This is a high-pressure fusible plug for use at cylinder service pressures above 500 psig (3450 kPa) using a fusible alloy with a yield temperature not over 224°F (107°C). The nominal yield temperature is 217°F (103°C). (See Fig. 8-13.) Because of its high resistance to fusible metal extrusion, the device has been used extensively on vehicular compressed natural gas fuel cylinders where it provides protection of partially charged cylinders in fires. 

High-pressure cylinders. The HRE-2 is now using 300-liter high-pressure cylinders which are commercially charged to 2400 psi and are used down to 2000 psi. A bank of three cylinders will last for about two days of normal operation. This. system involves no waste of gas, since the cylinders are recharged from 2000 psi to 2400 psi, with very little operator attention or hazard. 

Figure 27 The apparent linear charge density as a function of actual linear charge density for a cylinder of radius 10 A in a mixed 1 1-2 1 electrolyte with concentration 0.1-0.02 M within the NLDH (dashed lines Eq. [263] with the exact ( or approximate (a values) and PGC (solid lines Eq. [365] with exact and approximate Sdgc values) approximations. The NEDH low and high charge density approximations (Eqs. [264]) are shown by dotted lines the infinite-charge density limit is shown by the horizontal dotted-dashed line.

D. Stigter, Biopolymers, 16, 1435 (1977). Interactions of Highly Charged Colloidal Cylinders with Applications to Double-Stranded DNA. 

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