Higher-Throughput Planar Patch Technologies

There are currently two main types of plate-based planar patch instmments those which produce giga-Ohm seals, as in conventional patch clamp (e.g., PatdiXpress, QPatch) and those producing 100mega-Ohm seals as a compromise to allow a higher throughput (e.g., lonWorks HT, lonWorks Quattro) [57, 58]. 

The giga-Ohm seals achieved by the PatchXpress (Molecular Devices) [60, 61] and QPatch (Sophion Biosciences) [62] make them the higher-throughput patch clamp instruments of choice for hERG inhibition screening as they are more comparable 

This can currently be only achieved in the manual setup. 

There are of course many other targets which are known to mediate cardiovascular side-effects, for example, the serotonin 5HT2b receptor, but these are beyond the scope of this section and are reviewed in another chapter. 

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