High-temperature oxidation of metals

N. Birks and G. H. Meir, Introduction to High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, E. Arnold, London, 1983. 

P. Kofstad. High Temperature Oxidation of Metals. J. Wiley Sons. New York (1966) TA 462. K57. 

Kofsted, P., High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, John Wiley, New York 0965) Kubaschewski, O. and Hopkins, B. F., Oxidation of Metals and Alloys, Butterworths, London... 

Jost, W. (1937) Diffusion und chemische Reaktion in festen Stoffen, Steinkopff, Dresden Kofstadt, P. (1966) High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, Wiley, New York Kofstadt, P. (1988) High Temperature Corrosion, Elsevier, Amsterdam Mott, N.F. (1940) Trans. Faraday Soc., 36, 472 Pieraggi, B., Rapp, R. A. (1988) Acta Met., 36, 1281... 

P.Kofstad. High-temperature oxidation of metals - New York Wiley, 1968. 

N. Birks, G.H. Meier. Introduction to high temperature oxidation of metals-London Edward Arnold, 1984. 

R.A. Rapp. The high temperature oxidation of metals forming cation-diffusing scales // Metall.Trans. B.- 1984.- V. 15.- P. 195-211. 

H. Taimatsu. Kinetic analysis of high-temperature oxidation of metals accompanied by scale volatilization // J.Electrochem.Soc.- 1999.- V.146, No. 10 - P.3686-3689. 

The heart of corrosion science has been identified as electrochemical science coupled with the thermodynamic and kinetic values. Other limbs are oxidation and high-temperature oxidation of metals, protective coatings, passivity, inhibitors, microbial-induced corrosion, corrosion fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion-resistant alloys. Having identified the limbs of corrosion science, it is instructive to examine how the various aspects came into existence over a period of time. 

Combinations of the above factors may thus lead to very different rates of attack on metals. The most common method of studying high-temperature oxidation of metals is to analyse the pattern of film (scale) growth and then assess which physical/chemical mechanisms would fit those rate laws. In this way, the effects of adding alloying elements to the metal can clearly be seen. 

Birks, N., Meier, G.H., and Pettit, E.S., Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, 2nd ed., London Cambridge University Press, 2006. 

In Sec. 7.4, situations where the fluxes of the different species are coupled are considered. This coupled or ambipolar diffusion is of paramount importance since it is responsible for such diverse phenomena as creep, sintering of ceramics, and high-temperature oxidation of metals. 

P. Kofstat, "High Temperature Oxidation of Metals" Wiley,... 

J.H.W. de Witt, 1981, High Temperature Oxidation of Metals , Journal of Materials Education (JEMMSE) 3 343. 

The oxide CuO behaves in this way at 1000 °C. Very few oxides belong to this class, which is not of great importance for an introductory study of the subject of high-temperature oxidation of metals. 

The presentation of Wagner s treatment of high-temperature oxidation of metals given here follows the original very closely. One of the assumptions made in this treatment is that the oxide scale under consideration is thick compared with the distance over which space-charge effects, discussed above, occur. Fromhold ... 

The early data obtained up to 1966 are summarized in the available texts on high-temperature oxidation of metals particularly those by Kofstad " and Mrowec and Werber. ... 

The subject of high-temperature oxidation of metals is capable of extensive investigation and theoretical treatment. It is normally found to be a very satisfying subject to study. The theoretical treatment covers a wide range of metallurgical, chemical, and physical principles and can be approached by people of a wide range of disciplines who, therefore, complement each other s efforts. 

In this book the intention is to introduce the subject of high-temperature oxidation of metals to students and to professional engineers whose work demands familiarity with the subject. The emphasis of the book is placed firmly on supplying an understanding of the basic, or fundamental, processes involved in oxidation. 

RAIRS is used for characterization of adsorbates on metal surfaces, their transformations and kinetics (for example CO on metallic surfaces), catalytic reactions, characterisation of semiconductor structures, high-temperature oxidation of metals (use of so-called Berreman effect), electrode/electrolyte interface, Langmuir-Blodgett and other ultrathin organic films. 

General Corrosion, or Uniform Attack. This type of corrosion includes the commonly recognized rusting of iron or tarnishing of silver. Fogging of nickel and high-temperature oxidation of metals are also examples of this type. 

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