High Spatial Resolution Analytical EM

For any heterotype solid solution, or a nonstoichiometric compound, EDX analysis in the AEM on a large number of crystals is required. In a typical laboratory situation 30 to 40 crystals are routinely analyzed for each preparation. This sampling is adequate to establish trends in stoichiometric variations in a heterogeneous material. Fine gradations in compositions of a seemingly phase-pure material by the criterion of bulk diffraction techniques, can also be revealed. For quantitative microanalysis, a ratio method for thin crystals (16) is used, given by the equation  

In the following sections examples of applications of HREM structure imaging and high spatial resolution EDX microanalysis often from the same areas, to the hole superconductors are given. 

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