High resolution seismic

To derive a reservoir geological model various methods and techniques are employed mainly the analysis of core material, wireline logs, high resolution seismic and outcrop studies. These data gathering techniques are further discussed in Sections 5.3 and 2.2. 

Fig. 5. Locations of massive sulfide ore bodies (green) at marker horizon (C-Horizon) along the Amulet high-resolution seismic line of Bellefleur et al. (2007). Intensity of chlorite alteration is superimposed (data from Xstrata Copper).

However, as indicated by Kleinberg (2006) there is the need for a much better prospecting tool than the BSR, due to reliability issues. First, very little gas is required to produce a strong seismic reflector (Domenico, 1977). Second, an apparently continuous reflector does not imply a continuous gas-saturated zone. It is now well established by high resolution seismic techniques that BSRs that appear continuous in conventional marine seismic can actually be because of discontinuous patches of gas (Wood et al., 2002 and Dai et al., 2004). As a final example, the recent drilling of a BSR off the west coast of India failed because the BSR was caused by a carbonate deposit, rather than hydrates (Collett, T Personal Communication, November 6, 2006). 

Although the results reported here represent only an initial examination of a vast seismic dataset, there is little evidence to date in body-wave tomography, surface-wave inversion, or receiver function analysis of deep discontinuity structure for a low-velocity zone beneath the cratonic root. High-resolution seismic studies of the upper mantle are continuing, however, and more sophisticated analysis may yet reveal a velocity reversal at the base of the tectosphere. 

Fig. 1. The Proterozoic Grenville Province of the easternmost part of the North American craton. The Marcy Anorthosite is crossed by the O-NYNEX high-resolution seismic refraction profile. Dashed lines indicate seismic refraction profiles.

While studies on sediment cores only provide iirformation on the local core position, lateral variations in physical properties can be imaged by remote sensing methods like high-resolution seismic or sediment echosounder profiling. They facilitate core-to-core correlations over large distances and allow to evaluate physical property logs within the local sedimentation environment. 

Evidence from high resolution seismic tomography. A critical issue for geochemical mantle models is the extent of mantle mixing by convection and the potential for maintaining separate reservoirs. The most direct information on the scale of... 

Niitsuma, H., Detection of hydraulically created permeable structures in HDR/HWR reservoir by high-resolution seismic mapping techniques, this volume 2004... 

DETECTION OF HYDRAULICALLY CREATED PERMEABLE STRUCTURES IN HDR/HWR RESERVOIR BY HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC MAPPING TECHNIQUES... 

Niitsuma, H., Moriya, H., Asanuma, H., Evans, K., Jones, R., Jung, R. and Baria, R. (2002). Delecting hydraulically created permeable structures in the Soultz HDR site by high resolution seismic mapping techniques, Proc. of New Zealand Geothermal Workshop. 

Sieck, H.C., and Self, G.W. 1977. Analysis of high resolution seismic data. In Seismic Stratigraphy— Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration, Payton, C.E., ed., AAPG Mem 26, pp. 353-385. 

J.4 High-Resolution Seismic Reflection and Subbottom Profilers... 

D Agostino, K. et al., Late-Quatemary lowstands of Lake Titicaca evidence from high-resolution seismic data, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. PalaeoecoL, 179, 97, 2002. 

Achauer U, Evans JR, Stauber DA (1988) High-resolution seismic tomography of compressional wave velocity structure at Newberry Volcano, Oregon Cascade Range. J Geophys Res Solid Earth (1978-2012) 93(B9) 10135-10147... 

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