High Rate Pond design

Hadiyanto H, Elmore S, Van Gerven T, Stankiewicz A Hydrodynamic evaluations in high rate algae pond (HILAP) design, Chem Eng J 217 231-239, 2013. 

Liffman K, Paterson DA, Liovic P, Bandopadhayay P Comparing the energy efficiency of different high rate algal raceway pond designs using computational fluid dynamics, Chem Eng Res Des 91(2) 221-226, 2013. 

Two positive displacement WUson-Snyder pumps were installed at the main pump station. These were Mven by 746 kW (1000 hp) direct current motors. The booster station is connected to a water pond and draws water on demand to avoid slack flow by providing additional back pressure in low flow conditions. Choke stations are also provided for additional back pressure. According to Weston and Worthen, the pipeline used high-yield-strength steel rated at 413 MPa (60,000 psi). An allowance of 2.5 mm (0.1 in) for corrosion/erosion over a lifetime of 25 years was factored into the design. The thickness of the pipeline varied between 6.4-12.7 mm (0.25-0.5 in). 

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