High intensity discharged lamp tubes

The transport of Na through the polycrystalline ceramic arc tubes of high intensity discharge lamps was investigated. The bulk and grain boundary diffusion coefficients and the temperature dependences of the transport processes were determined for Na bulk diffusion (900 to 1200C) ... 

Photoreactors are simple in design, consisting of one or more high-intensity discharge lamps with a PTFE KOT tube reactor woimd aroimd one of the lamps. The PTFE tube creates a light-tube effect, which... 

Excitation sources used in atomic absorption spectroscopy are usually hollow cathode lamps or electrodeless discharge tubes, both of which produce high-intensity line excitation. Continuum sources, which emit a continuous level of energy over a large spectral region, are also used, though less frequently, The choice of the spectral source will affect the sensitivity and linearity of the analysis (5,30). 

High-intensity sources other than hollow cathode tubes also have been investigated. Most promising are the microwave-excited electrodeless discharge lamps. These lamps produce very high-intensity, sharp line spectra but suffer stability problems and generally have short lifetimes compared to hollow cathode tubes. 

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