High cell packing density

Despite a high cell packing density of 13 cells per inch, the flow resistances for passing both methanol solution and air through the stack were very low, owing to the... 

Packed Bed. Here, the hepatocytes are cultured on the inside surfaces of small pieces of highly porous resin that are packed randomly in a vertical cylindrical reactor [21]. A high cell density can be attained, as the cells grow in the minute pores of the resin. The cells are in direct contact with the blood. 

Pack, P., Kujau, M, Schroeckh, V., Knupfer, U., Wenderoth, R., Riesenberg, D., and Pluckthun, A. (1993) Improved bivalent miniantibodies, with identical avidity as whole antibodies, produced by high cell-density fermentation of Escherichia coll. Biotechnology 11, 1271-1277... 

Fig. I. A. hollow-fiber spool B. Imllow-liher cartridge employed in hennxfial-ysis C. cam idee idcntic.il to nem B demonstrating high packing density. D. hollow-fiber assembly employed for tissue cell growth L. hotlow-liher bundle polled at its ends to be inserted into a cartridge or employed in a situation that requires mechanical llexihiliiy.

Two main types of membrane modules are normally employed for animal cell separation the plate-and-frame and the hollow-fiber modules. The latter type has as an important feature, a high packing density, which results in a high permeation area for a compact module. Both module types may be used in cell separation in batch processes, and also in perfusion processes. The main characteristics of these two module types are described in Table 11.1. 

Wang G, Zhang W, Jacklin C, Eppstein L and Freedman D (1993) High cell density perfusion culture of hybridoma cells for production of monoclonal antibodies in the Collagen packed bed reactor. In Kaminogawa S, Ametani A Hachimura S (eds) Animal Cell Technology Basic and Applied Aspects, pp. 463-70. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 

Isotactic polypropylene can crystallize in different forms (modifications), such as a, P, y, and smectic, which differ by their unit cell type and thus by their packing density." The most common are the a-form and the y-form. The a-modification is the preferred crystalline form of polypropylenes synthesized by conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts." High molecular weight isotactic polypropylenes prepared by metallocene catalysts preferentially crystallize in the y-form. The different polymorphic behaviors of metallocene and Ziegler-Natta samples can be related to the... 

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