Hierarchical ordered macroporous-mesoporous material

Sen T, Tiddy GJT, Casci JL, Anderson MW (2004) Synthesis and characterization of hierarchically ordered porous silica materials. Chem Mater 16 2044 Deng Y, Liu C, Yu T, Liu F, Zhang F, Wan Y, Zhang L, Wang C, Tu B, Webley PA, Wang H, Zhao D (2007) Facile synthesis of hierarchically porous carbons from dual colloidal crystal/block copolymer template approach. Chem Mater 19 3271 Luo Q, Li L, Yang B, Zhao D (2000) Three-dimensional ordered macroporous structures with mesoporous silica walls. Chem Lett 29 378... 

So far, we have discussed various self-assembly and templating mechanisms geared towards the synthesis of porous, ordered materials at different length scales. As was mentioned previously, hierarchically ordered materials that simultaneously exhibit order over all length scales are very attractive novel additions whose synthesis usually requires a combination of all of the techniques mentioned previously. Patterning of mesopores and macropores simultaneously achieves structures with order on several length scales. 

As outlined in the Introduction, porous materials can be classified into materials which consist of microporous (below 2 nm), mesoporous (2-50 nm), and macroporous (larger than 50 nm) channels and voids. Networks, which comprise various classes of pores with characteristically different dimensions, are termed hierarchical according to the discussion above. The controlled synthesis of hierarchically ordered porous materials is highly desirable and has attracted much attention during the last decade. The search for such syn-... 

Designing a specific material architecture. 3D hierarchical carbon [79,80], 3D aperiodic [79,81,82] or highly-ordered hierarchical carbons are representative samples with multimodal pore structure to optimize the performance of the capacitors. The micropore, mesopore and macropore structure of such three-dimensional hierarchical carbons are generally perfectly interconnected. 

Windows or external surfaces that are self-cleaning are possible with superhydrophobic surfaces. Based on a monolayer polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal, large-scale two-dimensional (2D) hierarchical porous silica (orderly arranged macropores and disordered mesopores in its skeleton) with a high specific surface area have been fabricated by the sol-gel technique. Such material has demonstrated reversible superhydrophobicity (16). 

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